在使用web服务时，我经常使用它。代理模式可能应该重命名为更实用的东西，比如“包装器模式”。我也有一个库，是一个代理到MS Excel。它使自动化Excel变得非常容易，而不必担心背景细节，如安装了什么版本(如果有的话)。

所有这四种模式都涉及到用外部对象/类包装内部对象/类，因此它们在结构上非常相似。我将通过目的来概述不同之处:

代理将访问从外部封装到内部。 装饰器用外部修改或扩展内部的行为。 适配器转换接口从内部到外部。 桥将行为的不变部分(外部)与变量或平台依赖部分(内部)分开。

通过内外物体之间的界面变化:

在代理接口中是相同的。 在Decorator接口中是相同的。 在适配器接口形式上不同，但实现相同的目的。 桥接接口在概念上是不同的。

我相信代码会给出一个清晰的想法(补充其他答案)。请参见下面，(关注类实现和包装的类型)

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading.Tasks;

namespace TestConsole
{
    class Program
    {
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            /* Proxy */

            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);
            Console.WriteLine("PROXY");
            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            //instead of creating here create using a factory method, the facory method will return the proxy
            IReal realProxy = new RealProxy();
            Console.WriteLine("calling do work with the proxy object ");
            realProxy.DoWork();

            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);
            Console.WriteLine("ADAPTER");
            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            /*Adapter*/
            IInHand objectIHave = new InHand();
            Api myApi = new Api();
            //myApi.SomeApi(objectIHave); /*I cant do this, use a adapter then */
            IActual myAdaptedObject = new ActualAdapterForInHand(objectIHave);
            Console.WriteLine("calling api with  my adapted obj");
            myApi.SomeApi(myAdaptedObject);


            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);
            Console.WriteLine("DECORATOR");
            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            /*Decorator*/
            IReady maleReady = new Male();
            Console.WriteLine("now male is going to get ready himself");
            maleReady.GetReady();

            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            IReady femaleReady = new Female();
            Console.WriteLine("now female is going to get ready her self");
            femaleReady.GetReady();

            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            IReady maleReadyByBeautician = new Beautician(maleReady);
            Console.WriteLine("now male is going to get ready by beautician");
            maleReadyByBeautician.GetReady();

            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            IReady femaleReadyByBeautician = new Beautician(femaleReady);
            Console.WriteLine("now female is going to get ready by beautician");
            femaleReadyByBeautician.GetReady();

            Console.WriteLine(Environment.NewLine);

            Console.ReadLine();


        }
    }

    /*Proxy*/

    public interface IReal
    {
        void DoWork();
    }

    public class Real : IReal
    {
        public void DoWork()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("real is doing work ");
        }
    }


    public class RealProxy : IReal
    {
        IReal real = new Real();

        public void DoWork()
        {
            real.DoWork();
        }
    }

    /*Adapter*/

    public interface IActual
    {
        void DoWork();
    }

    public class Api
    {
        public void SomeApi(IActual actual)
        {
            actual.DoWork();
        }
    }

    public interface IInHand
    {
        void DoWorkDifferently();
    }

    public class InHand : IInHand
    {
        public void DoWorkDifferently()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("doing work slightly different ");
        }
    }

    public class ActualAdapterForInHand : IActual
    {
        IInHand hand = null;

        public ActualAdapterForInHand()
        {
            hand = new InHand();
        }

        public ActualAdapterForInHand(IInHand hnd)
        {
            hand = hnd;
        }

        public void DoWork()
        {
            hand.DoWorkDifferently();
        }
    }

    /*Decorator*/

    public interface IReady
    {
        void GetReady();
    }

    public class Male : IReady
    {
        public void GetReady()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Taking bath.. ");
            Console.WriteLine("Dress up....");
        }
    }

    public class Female : IReady
    {
        public void GetReady()
        {
            Console.WriteLine("Taking bath.. ");
            Console.WriteLine("Dress up....");
            Console.WriteLine("Make up....");
        }
    }

    //this is a decorator
    public class Beautician : IReady
    {
        IReady ready = null;

        public Beautician(IReady rdy)
        {
            ready = rdy;
        }

        public void GetReady()
        {
            ready.GetReady();
            Console.WriteLine("Style hair ");

            if (ready is Female)
            {
                for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("doing ready process " + i);
                }

            }
        }
    }

}

说到细节实现，我发现代理和Decorator，适配器，Facade之间的区别…在这些模式的常见实现中，有一个被封闭对象包裹的目标对象。客户端使用外围对象而不是目标对象。目标对象实际上在一些封闭对象的方法中扮演着重要的角色。

而对于Proxy，外围对象可以自己扮演一些方法，它只是在客户端调用一些需要目标对象参与的方法时对目标对象进行初始化。这是惰性初始化。对于其他模式，封闭对象实际上是基于目标对象的。目标对象总是和构造函数/setter中的封闭对象一起初始化。

另一件事，代理所做的正是目标所做的，而其他模式则为目标添加了更多功能。

正如Bill的回答所说，它们的用例是不同的。

它们的结构也是如此。

Proxy and Decorator both have the same interface as their wrapped types, but the proxy creates an instance under the hood, whereas the decorator takes an instance in the constructor. Adapter and Facade both have a different interface than what they wrap. But the adapter derives from an existing interface, whereas the facade creates a new interface. Bridge and Adapter both point at an existing type. But the bridge will point at an abstract type, and the adapter might point to a concrete type. The bridge will allow you to pair the implementation at runtime, whereas the adapter usually won't.

Design pattern is not mathematics, it is combination of art and software engineering. There is nothing like for this requirment you have to use proxy, bridge etc. Design patterns are created to solve the problems. If you anticipate a design problem, then use it. Based on experience, you will come to know for specific problem, which pattern to use. If you are good in solid design principles, you would have implemented design pattern without knowing it is pattern. Common example is statergy and factory patterns

因此，更多地集中在坚实的设计原则，干净的编码原则和ttd