我使用subprocess模块启动子流程并连接到其输出流(标准输出)。我希望能够对其标准输出执行非阻塞读取。是否有一种方法使.readline非阻塞或在我调用.readline之前检查流上是否有数据?我希望这是可移植的，或者至少可以在Windows和Linux下工作。
下面是我现在怎么做的(如果没有数据可用，它会阻塞在.readline上):
p = subprocess.Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
output_str = p.stdout.readline()
当前回答
现有的解决方案不适合我(详情见下文)。最后成功的是使用read(1)实现readline(基于这个答案)。后者不阻塞:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Thread
def process_output(myprocess): #output-consuming thread
nextline = None
buf = ''
while True:
#--- extract line using read(1)
out = myprocess.stdout.read(1)
if out == '' and myprocess.poll() != None: break
if out != '':
buf += out
if out == '\n':
nextline = buf
buf = ''
if not nextline: continue
line = nextline
nextline = None
#--- do whatever you want with line here
print 'Line is:', line
myprocess.stdout.close()
myprocess = Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout=PIPE) #output-producing process
p1 = Thread(target=process_output, args=(myprocess,)) #output-consuming thread
p1.daemon = True
p1.start()
#--- do whatever here and then kill process and thread if needed
if myprocess.poll() == None: #kill process; will automatically stop thread
myprocess.kill()
myprocess.wait()
if p1 and p1.is_alive(): #wait for thread to finish
p1.join()
为什么现有的解决方案不起作用:
Solutions that require readline (including the Queue based ones) always block. It is difficult (impossible?) to kill the thread that executes readline. It only gets killed when the process that created it finishes, but not when the output-producing process is killed. Mixing low-level fcntl with high-level readline calls may not work properly as anonnn has pointed out. Using select.poll() is neat, but doesn't work on Windows according to python docs. Using third-party libraries seems overkill for this task and adds additional dependencies.
其他回答
一种解决方案是让另一个进程执行对该进程的读取，或者创建一个带有超时的进程线程。
这是一个超时函数的线程版本:
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/473878/
但是，是否需要在stdout传入时读取它? 另一种解决方案可能是将输出转储到一个文件中，然后使用p.t wait()等待进程完成。
f = open('myprogram_output.txt','w')
p = subprocess.Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout=f)
p.wait()
f.close()
str = open('myprogram_output.txt','r').read()
使用select & read(1)。
import subprocess #no new requirements
def readAllSoFar(proc, retVal=''):
while (select.select([proc.stdout],[],[],0)[0]!=[]):
retVal+=proc.stdout.read(1)
return retVal
p = subprocess.Popen(['/bin/ls'], stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
while not p.poll():
print (readAllSoFar(p))
readline()例如:
lines = ['']
while not p.poll():
lines = readAllSoFar(p, lines[-1]).split('\n')
for a in range(len(lines)-1):
print a
lines = readAllSoFar(p, lines[-1]).split('\n')
for a in range(len(lines)-1):
print a
我基于J. F. Sebastian的解决方案创建了一个库。你可以使用它。
https://github.com/cenkalti/what
下面是我的代码，用于捕获子进程ASAP的每个输出，包括部分行。它同时泵浦，stdout和stderr的顺序几乎是正确的。
在Python 2.7 linux和windows上测试并正确工作。
#!/usr/bin/python
#
# Runner with stdout/stderr catcher
#
from sys import argv
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
import os, io
from threading import Thread
import Queue
def __main__():
if (len(argv) > 1) and (argv[-1] == "-sub-"):
import time, sys
print "Application runned!"
time.sleep(2)
print "Slept 2 second"
time.sleep(1)
print "Slept 1 additional second",
time.sleep(2)
sys.stderr.write("Stderr output after 5 seconds")
print "Eol on stdin"
sys.stderr.write("Eol on stderr\n")
time.sleep(1)
print "Wow, we have end of work!",
else:
os.environ["PYTHONUNBUFFERED"]="1"
try:
p = Popen( argv + ["-sub-"],
bufsize=0, # line-buffered
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE )
except WindowsError, W:
if W.winerror==193:
p = Popen( argv + ["-sub-"],
shell=True, # Try to run via shell
bufsize=0, # line-buffered
stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE )
else:
raise
inp = Queue.Queue()
sout = io.open(p.stdout.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False)
serr = io.open(p.stderr.fileno(), 'rb', closefd=False)
def Pump(stream, category):
queue = Queue.Queue()
def rdr():
while True:
buf = stream.read1(8192)
if len(buf)>0:
queue.put( buf )
else:
queue.put( None )
return
def clct():
active = True
while active:
r = queue.get()
try:
while True:
r1 = queue.get(timeout=0.005)
if r1 is None:
active = False
break
else:
r += r1
except Queue.Empty:
pass
inp.put( (category, r) )
for tgt in [rdr, clct]:
th = Thread(target=tgt)
th.setDaemon(True)
th.start()
Pump(sout, 'stdout')
Pump(serr, 'stderr')
while p.poll() is None:
# App still working
try:
chan,line = inp.get(timeout = 1.0)
if chan=='stdout':
print "STDOUT>>", line, "<?<"
elif chan=='stderr':
print " ERROR==", line, "=?="
except Queue.Empty:
pass
print "Finish"
if __name__ == '__main__':
__main__()
现有的解决方案不适合我(详情见下文)。最后成功的是使用read(1)实现readline(基于这个答案)。后者不阻塞:
from subprocess import Popen, PIPE
from threading import Thread
def process_output(myprocess): #output-consuming thread
nextline = None
buf = ''
while True:
#--- extract line using read(1)
out = myprocess.stdout.read(1)
if out == '' and myprocess.poll() != None: break
if out != '':
buf += out
if out == '\n':
nextline = buf
buf = ''
if not nextline: continue
line = nextline
nextline = None
#--- do whatever you want with line here
print 'Line is:', line
myprocess.stdout.close()
myprocess = Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout=PIPE) #output-producing process
p1 = Thread(target=process_output, args=(myprocess,)) #output-consuming thread
p1.daemon = True
p1.start()
#--- do whatever here and then kill process and thread if needed
if myprocess.poll() == None: #kill process; will automatically stop thread
myprocess.kill()
myprocess.wait()
if p1 and p1.is_alive(): #wait for thread to finish
p1.join()
为什么现有的解决方案不起作用:
Solutions that require readline (including the Queue based ones) always block. It is difficult (impossible?) to kill the thread that executes readline. It only gets killed when the process that created it finishes, but not when the output-producing process is killed. Mixing low-level fcntl with high-level readline calls may not work properly as anonnn has pointed out. Using select.poll() is neat, but doesn't work on Windows according to python docs. Using third-party libraries seems overkill for this task and adds additional dependencies.
