我使用subprocess模块启动子流程并连接到其输出流(标准输出)。我希望能够对其标准输出执行非阻塞读取。是否有一种方法使.readline非阻塞或在我调用.readline之前检查流上是否有数据?我希望这是可移植的，或者至少可以在Windows和Linux下工作。
下面是我现在怎么做的(如果没有数据可用，它会阻塞在.readline上):
p = subprocess.Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout = subprocess.PIPE)
output_str = p.stdout.readline()
当前回答
Fcntl, select, asyncproc在这种情况下不起作用。
不管操作系统如何，读取流而不阻塞的可靠方法是使用Queue.get_nowait():
import sys
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
from threading import Thread
try:
from queue import Queue, Empty
except ImportError:
from Queue import Queue, Empty # python 2.x
ON_POSIX = 'posix' in sys.builtin_module_names
def enqueue_output(out, queue):
for line in iter(out.readline, b''):
queue.put(line)
out.close()
p = Popen(['myprogram.exe'], stdout=PIPE, bufsize=1, close_fds=ON_POSIX)
q = Queue()
t = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stdout, q))
t.daemon = True # thread dies with the program
t.start()
# ... do other things here
# read line without blocking
try: line = q.get_nowait() # or q.get(timeout=.1)
except Empty:
print('no output yet')
else: # got line
# ... do something with line
其他回答
试试asyncproc模块。例如:
import os
from asyncproc import Process
myProc = Process("myprogram.app")
while True:
# check to see if process has ended
poll = myProc.wait(os.WNOHANG)
if poll != None:
break
# print any new output
out = myProc.read()
if out != "":
print out
该模块负责S.Lott建议的所有线程。
一种解决方案是让另一个进程执行对该进程的读取，或者创建一个带有超时的进程线程。
这是一个超时函数的线程版本:
http://code.activestate.com/recipes/473878/
但是，是否需要在stdout传入时读取它? 另一种解决方案可能是将输出转储到一个文件中，然后使用p.t wait()等待进程完成。
f = open('myprogram_output.txt','w')
p = subprocess.Popen('myprogram.exe', stdout=f)
p.wait()
f.close()
str = open('myprogram_output.txt','r').read()
在这里添加这个答案，因为它提供了在Windows和Unix上设置非阻塞管道的能力。
所有的ctypes细节都要感谢@techtonik的回答。
有一个稍微修改过的版本，可以在Unix和Windows系统上使用。
兼容Python3(只需要一些小的修改)。 包括posix版本，并定义了用于这两个版本的异常。
这样你就可以在Unix和Windows代码中使用相同的函数和异常。
# pipe_non_blocking.py (module)
"""
Example use:
p = subprocess.Popen(
command,
stdout=subprocess.PIPE,
)
pipe_non_blocking_set(p.stdout.fileno())
try:
data = os.read(p.stdout.fileno(), 1)
except PortableBlockingIOError as ex:
if not pipe_non_blocking_is_error_blocking(ex):
raise ex
"""
__all__ = (
"pipe_non_blocking_set",
"pipe_non_blocking_is_error_blocking",
"PortableBlockingIOError",
)
import os
if os.name == "nt":
def pipe_non_blocking_set(fd):
# Constant could define globally but avoid polluting the name-space
# thanks to: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34504970
import msvcrt
from ctypes import windll, byref, wintypes, WinError, POINTER
from ctypes.wintypes import HANDLE, DWORD, BOOL
LPDWORD = POINTER(DWORD)
PIPE_NOWAIT = wintypes.DWORD(0x00000001)
def pipe_no_wait(pipefd):
SetNamedPipeHandleState = windll.kernel32.SetNamedPipeHandleState
SetNamedPipeHandleState.argtypes = [HANDLE, LPDWORD, LPDWORD, LPDWORD]
SetNamedPipeHandleState.restype = BOOL
h = msvcrt.get_osfhandle(pipefd)
res = windll.kernel32.SetNamedPipeHandleState(h, byref(PIPE_NOWAIT), None, None)
if res == 0:
print(WinError())
return False
return True
return pipe_no_wait(fd)
def pipe_non_blocking_is_error_blocking(ex):
if not isinstance(ex, PortableBlockingIOError):
return False
from ctypes import GetLastError
ERROR_NO_DATA = 232
return (GetLastError() == ERROR_NO_DATA)
PortableBlockingIOError = OSError
else:
def pipe_non_blocking_set(fd):
import fcntl
fl = fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_GETFL)
fcntl.fcntl(fd, fcntl.F_SETFL, fl | os.O_NONBLOCK)
return True
def pipe_non_blocking_is_error_blocking(ex):
if not isinstance(ex, PortableBlockingIOError):
return False
return True
PortableBlockingIOError = BlockingIOError
为了避免读取不完整的数据，我最终编写了自己的readline生成器(它为每一行返回字节字符串)。
它是一个发电机，所以你可以例如…
def non_blocking_readlines(f, chunk=1024):
"""
Iterate over lines, yielding b'' when nothings left
or when new data is not yet available.
stdout_iter = iter(non_blocking_readlines(process.stdout))
line = next(stdout_iter) # will be a line or b''.
"""
import os
from .pipe_non_blocking import (
pipe_non_blocking_set,
pipe_non_blocking_is_error_blocking,
PortableBlockingIOError,
)
fd = f.fileno()
pipe_non_blocking_set(fd)
blocks = []
while True:
try:
data = os.read(fd, chunk)
if not data:
# case were reading finishes with no trailing newline
yield b''.join(blocks)
blocks.clear()
except PortableBlockingIOError as ex:
if not pipe_non_blocking_is_error_blocking(ex):
raise ex
yield b''
continue
while True:
n = data.find(b'\n')
if n == -1:
break
yield b''.join(blocks) + data[:n + 1]
data = data[n + 1:]
blocks.clear()
blocks.append(data)
Fcntl, select, asyncproc在这种情况下不起作用。
不管操作系统如何，读取流而不阻塞的可靠方法是使用Queue.get_nowait():
import sys
from subprocess import PIPE, Popen
from threading import Thread
try:
from queue import Queue, Empty
except ImportError:
from Queue import Queue, Empty # python 2.x
ON_POSIX = 'posix' in sys.builtin_module_names
def enqueue_output(out, queue):
for line in iter(out.readline, b''):
queue.put(line)
out.close()
p = Popen(['myprogram.exe'], stdout=PIPE, bufsize=1, close_fds=ON_POSIX)
q = Queue()
t = Thread(target=enqueue_output, args=(p.stdout, q))
t.daemon = True # thread dies with the program
t.start()
# ... do other things here
# read line without blocking
try: line = q.get_nowait() # or q.get(timeout=.1)
except Empty:
print('no output yet')
else: # got line
# ... do something with line
免责声明:这只适用于龙卷风
您可以通过将fd设置为非阻塞，然后使用ioloop来注册回调来实现这一点。我把它打包在一个名为tornado_subprocess的鸡蛋中，你可以通过PyPI安装它:
easy_install tornado_subprocess
现在你可以这样做:
import tornado_subprocess
import tornado.ioloop
def print_res( status, stdout, stderr ) :
print status, stdout, stderr
if status == 0:
print "OK:"
print stdout
else:
print "ERROR:"
print stderr
t = tornado_subprocess.Subprocess( print_res, timeout=30, args=[ "cat", "/etc/passwd" ] )
t.start()
tornado.ioloop.IOLoop.instance().start()
你也可以将它与RequestHandler一起使用
class MyHandler(tornado.web.RequestHandler):
def on_done(self, status, stdout, stderr):
self.write( stdout )
self.finish()
@tornado.web.asynchronous
def get(self):
t = tornado_subprocess.Subprocess( self.on_done, timeout=30, args=[ "cat", "/etc/passwd" ] )
t.start()
