我在XML中有很多行，我试图获得一个特定节点属性的实例。
<foo>
<bar>
<type foobar="1"/>
<type foobar="2"/>
</bar>
</foo>
我如何访问属性foobar的值?在这个例子中，我想要“1”和“2”。
当前回答
如果您不想使用任何外部库或第三方工具，请尝试下面的代码。
这将把xml解析成python字典 这也将解析xml属性 这也将解析空标签，如<tag/>和只有属性的标签，如<tag var=val/>
Code
import re
def getdict(content):
res=re.findall("<(?P<var>\S*)(?P<attr>[^/>]*)(?:(?:>(?P<val>.*?)</(?P=var)>)|(?:/>))",content)
if len(res)>=1:
attreg="(?P<avr>\S+?)(?:(?:=(?P<quote>['\"])(?P<avl>.*?)(?P=quote))|(?:=(?P<avl1>.*?)(?:\s|$))|(?P<avl2>[\s]+)|$)"
if len(res)>1:
return [{i[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,i[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(i[2])}]} for i in res]
else:
return {res[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,res[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(res[2])}]}
else:
return content
with open("test.xml","r") as f:
print(getdict(f.read().replace('\n','')))
样例输入
<details class="4b" count=1 boy>
<name type="firstname">John</name>
<age>13</age>
<hobby>Coin collection</hobby>
<hobby>Stamp collection</hobby>
<address>
<country>USA</country>
<state>CA</state>
</address>
</details>
<details empty="True"/>
<details/>
<details class="4a" count=2 girl>
<name type="firstname">Samantha</name>
<age>13</age>
<hobby>Fishing</hobby>
<hobby>Chess</hobby>
<address current="no">
<country>Australia</country>
<state>NSW</state>
</address>
</details>
输出(美化)
[
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"class": "4b"
},
{
"count": "1"
},
{
"boy": ""
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"name": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"type": "firstname"
}
]
},
{
"$values": "John"
}
]
},
{
"age": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "13"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Coin collection"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Stamp collection"
}
]
},
{
"address": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": [
{
"country": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "USA"
}
]
},
{
"state": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "CA"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"empty": "True"
}
]
},
{
"$values": ""
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": ""
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"class": "4a"
},
{
"count": "2"
},
{
"girl": ""
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"name": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"type": "firstname"
}
]
},
{
"$values": "Samantha"
}
]
},
{
"age": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "13"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Fishing"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Chess"
}
]
},
{
"address": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"current": "no"
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"country": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Australia"
}
]
},
{
"state": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "NSW"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
其他回答
如果您不想使用任何外部库或第三方工具，请尝试下面的代码。
这将把xml解析成python字典 这也将解析xml属性 这也将解析空标签，如<tag/>和只有属性的标签，如<tag var=val/>
Code
import re
def getdict(content):
res=re.findall("<(?P<var>\S*)(?P<attr>[^/>]*)(?:(?:>(?P<val>.*?)</(?P=var)>)|(?:/>))",content)
if len(res)>=1:
attreg="(?P<avr>\S+?)(?:(?:=(?P<quote>['\"])(?P<avl>.*?)(?P=quote))|(?:=(?P<avl1>.*?)(?:\s|$))|(?P<avl2>[\s]+)|$)"
if len(res)>1:
return [{i[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,i[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(i[2])}]} for i in res]
else:
return {res[0]:[{"@attributes":[{j[0]:(j[2] or j[3] or j[4])} for j in re.findall(attreg,res[1].strip())]},{"$values":getdict(res[2])}]}
else:
return content
with open("test.xml","r") as f:
print(getdict(f.read().replace('\n','')))
样例输入
<details class="4b" count=1 boy>
<name type="firstname">John</name>
<age>13</age>
<hobby>Coin collection</hobby>
<hobby>Stamp collection</hobby>
<address>
<country>USA</country>
<state>CA</state>
</address>
</details>
<details empty="True"/>
<details/>
<details class="4a" count=2 girl>
<name type="firstname">Samantha</name>
<age>13</age>
<hobby>Fishing</hobby>
<hobby>Chess</hobby>
<address current="no">
<country>Australia</country>
<state>NSW</state>
</address>
</details>
输出(美化)
[
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"class": "4b"
},
{
"count": "1"
},
{
"boy": ""
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"name": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"type": "firstname"
}
]
},
{
"$values": "John"
}
]
},
{
"age": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "13"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Coin collection"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Stamp collection"
}
]
},
{
"address": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": [
{
"country": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "USA"
}
]
},
{
"state": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "CA"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"empty": "True"
}
]
},
{
"$values": ""
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": ""
}
]
},
{
"details": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"class": "4a"
},
{
"count": "2"
},
{
"girl": ""
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"name": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"type": "firstname"
}
]
},
{
"$values": "Samantha"
}
]
},
{
"age": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "13"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Fishing"
}
]
},
{
"hobby": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Chess"
}
]
},
{
"address": [
{
"@attributes": [
{
"current": "no"
}
]
},
{
"$values": [
{
"country": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "Australia"
}
]
},
{
"state": [
{
"@attributes": []
},
{
"$values": "NSW"
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
}
]
XML:
<foo>
<bar>
<type foobar="1"/>
<type foobar="2"/>
</bar>
</foo>
Python代码:
import xml.etree.cElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse("foo.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
root_tag = root.tag
print(root_tag)
for form in root.findall("./bar/type"):
x=(form.attrib)
z=list(x)
for i in z:
print(x[i])
输出:
foo
1
2
有很多选择。如果速度和内存使用是一个问题，cElementTree看起来很棒。与简单地使用readline读取文件相比，它的开销非常小。
相关指标可以在下表中找到，复制自cElementTree网站:
library time space
xml.dom.minidom (Python 2.1) 6.3 s 80000K
gnosis.objectify 2.0 s 22000k
xml.dom.minidom (Python 2.4) 1.4 s 53000k
ElementTree 1.2 1.6 s 14500k
ElementTree 1.2.4/1.3 1.1 s 14500k
cDomlette (C extension) 0.540 s 20500k
PyRXPU (C extension) 0.175 s 10850k
libxml2 (C extension) 0.098 s 16000k
readlines (read as utf-8) 0.093 s 8850k
cElementTree (C extension) --> 0.047 s 4900K <--
readlines (read as ascii) 0.032 s 5050k
正如@jfs所指出的，cElementTree是与Python捆绑在一起的:
Python 2:来自xml。etree导入cElementTree作为ElementTree。 Python 3:从xml。导入ElementTree(自动使用加速的C版本)。
xml.etree.ElementTree vs. lxml
下面是两个最常用的库的一些优点，在进行选择之前，我应该了解它们。
xml.etree.ElementTree:
来自标准库:不需要安装任何模块
lxml
轻松编写XML声明:例如，您是否需要添加standalone="no"? 漂亮的打印:无需额外代码就可以得到漂亮的缩进XML。 Objectify功能:它允许您像处理普通的Python对象hierarchy.node一样使用XML。 sourceline允许您轻松地获取正在使用的XML元素的行。 您还可以使用内置的XSD模式检查器。
你可以使用BeautifulSoup:
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
x="""<foo>
<bar>
<type foobar="1"/>
<type foobar="2"/>
</bar>
</foo>"""
y=BeautifulSoup(x)
>>> y.foo.bar.type["foobar"]
u'1'
>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")
[<type foobar="1"></type>, <type foobar="2"></type>]
>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")[0]["foobar"]
u'1'
>>> y.foo.bar.findAll("type")[1]["foobar"]
u'2'
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