Python 3的方法(称为“四舍五入”或“银行家四舍五入”)目前被认为是标准的四舍五入方法，尽管一些语言实现还没有在总线上实现。

简单的“总是四舍五入0.5”技术会导致对较大数字的轻微偏向。对于大量的计算，这是非常重要的。Python 3.0方法消除了这个问题。

常用的四舍五入方法不止一种。IEEE 754是浮点数学的国际标准，定义了五种不同的舍入方法(Python 3.0使用的是默认方法)。还有其他的。

这种行为并没有像它应有的那样广为人知。如果我没记错的话，AppleScript是这种舍入方法的早期采用者。AppleScript中的round命令提供了几个选项，但在IEEE 754中，round-向偶数是默认的。显然，实现round命令的工程师受够了“让它像我在学校学到的那样工作”的所有请求，所以他实现了:学校教的round 2.5舍入是一个有效的AppleScript命令。: -)

你可以使用Decimal模块控制你在Py3000中得到的舍入:

>>> decimal.Decimal('3.5').quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), 
    rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP)
>>> Decimal('4')

>>> decimal.Decimal('2.5').quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'),    
    rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
>>> Decimal('2')

>>> decimal.Decimal('3.5').quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), 
    rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
>>> Decimal('3')

I recently had problems with this, too. Hence, I have developed a python 3 module that has 2 functions trueround() and trueround_precision() that address this and give the same rounding behaviour were are used to from primary school (not banker's rounding). Here is the module. Just save the code and copy it in or import it. Note: the trueround_precision module can change the rounding behaviour depending on needs according to the ROUND_CEILING, ROUND_DOWN, ROUND_FLOOR, ROUND_HALF_DOWN, ROUND_HALF_EVEN, ROUND_HALF_UP, ROUND_UP, and ROUND_05UP flags in the decimal module (see that modules documentation for more info). For the functions below, see the docstrings or use help(trueround) and help(trueround_precision) if copied into an interpreter for further documentation.

#! /usr/bin/env python3
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-

def trueround(number, places=0):
    '''
    trueround(number, places)

    example:

        >>> trueround(2.55, 1) == 2.6
        True

    uses standard functions with no import to give "normal" behavior to 
    rounding so that trueround(2.5) == 3, trueround(3.5) == 4, 
    trueround(4.5) == 5, etc. Use with caution, however. This still has 
    the same problem with floating point math. The return object will 
    be type int if places=0 or a float if places=>1.

    number is the floating point number needed rounding

    places is the number of decimal places to round to with '0' as the
        default which will actually return our interger. Otherwise, a
        floating point will be returned to the given decimal place.

    Note:   Use trueround_precision() if true precision with
            floats is needed

    GPL 2.0
    copywrite by Narnie Harshoe <signupnarnie@gmail.com>
    '''
    place = 10**(places)
    rounded = (int(number*place + 0.5if number>=0 else -0.5))/place
    if rounded == int(rounded):
        rounded = int(rounded)
    return rounded

def trueround_precision(number, places=0, rounding=None):
    '''
    trueround_precision(number, places, rounding=ROUND_HALF_UP)

    Uses true precision for floating numbers using the 'decimal' module in
    python and assumes the module has already been imported before calling
    this function. The return object is of type Decimal.

    All rounding options are available from the decimal module including 
    ROUND_CEILING, ROUND_DOWN, ROUND_FLOOR, ROUND_HALF_DOWN, ROUND_HALF_EVEN, 
    ROUND_HALF_UP, ROUND_UP, and ROUND_05UP.

    examples:

        >>> trueround(2.5, 0) == Decimal('3')
        True
        >>> trueround(2.5, 0, ROUND_DOWN) == Decimal('2')
        True

    number is a floating point number or a string type containing a number on 
        on which to be acted.

    places is the number of decimal places to round to with '0' as the default.

    Note:   if type float is passed as the first argument to the function, it
            will first be converted to a str type for correct rounding.

    GPL 2.0
    copywrite by Narnie Harshoe <signupnarnie@gmail.com>
    '''
    from decimal import Decimal as dec
    from decimal import ROUND_HALF_UP
    from decimal import ROUND_CEILING
    from decimal import ROUND_DOWN
    from decimal import ROUND_FLOOR
    from decimal import ROUND_HALF_DOWN
    from decimal import ROUND_HALF_EVEN
    from decimal import ROUND_UP
    from decimal import ROUND_05UP

    if type(number) == type(float()):
        number = str(number)
    if rounding == None:
        rounding = ROUND_HALF_UP
    place = '1.'
    for i in range(places):
        place = ''.join([place, '0'])
    return dec(number).quantize(dec(place), rounding=rounding)

希望这能有所帮助，

Narnie

只是在这里添加一个文档中的重要说明:

https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#round

请注意 round()对于浮点数的行为可能令人惊讶:例如， 轮(2.675,2)给出2.67而不是预期的2.68。这不是 错误:这是一个事实的结果，大多数十进制分数不能 精确地表示为浮点数。参见浮点运算:问题 和限制以获取更多信息。

因此，在Python 3.2中得到以下结果时，不要感到惊讶:

>>> round(0.25,1), round(0.35,1), round(0.45,1), round(0.55,1)
(0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6)

>>> round(0.025,2), round(0.035,2), round(0.045,2), round(0.055,2)
(0.03, 0.04, 0.04, 0.06)

Python 3中的舍入行为。

小数点后15位加1。 精度可达15位。

round2=lambda x,y=None: round(x+1e-15,y)

Python 3。X将.5值舍入为偶数的相邻值

assert round(0.5) == 0
assert round(1.5) == 2
assert round(2.5) == 2

import decimal

assert decimal.Decimal('0.5').to_integral_value() == 0
assert decimal.Decimal('1.5').to_integral_value() == 2
assert decimal.Decimal('2.5').to_integral_value() == 2

但是，如果需要，可以将十进制舍入“向后”更改为始终向上舍入。5:

decimal.getcontext().rounding = decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP

assert decimal.Decimal('0.5').to_integral_value() == 1
assert decimal.Decimal('1.5').to_integral_value() == 2
assert decimal.Decimal('2.5').to_integral_value() == 3

i = int(decimal.Decimal('2.5').to_integral_value()) # to get an int
assert i == 3
assert type(i) is int

某些情况下:

in: Decimal(75.29 / 2).quantize(Decimal('0.01'), rounding=ROUND_HALF_UP)
in: round(75.29 / 2, 2)
out: 37.65 GOOD

in: Decimal(85.55 / 2).quantize(Decimal('0.01'), rounding=ROUND_HALF_UP)
in: round(85.55 / 2, 2)
out: 42.77 BAD

修复:

in: round(75.29 / 2 + 0.00001, 2)
out: 37.65 GOOD
in: round(85.55 / 2 + 0.00001, 2)
out: 42.78 GOOD

如果你想要更多的小数，例如4，你应该加上(+ 0.0000001)。

为我工作。

示例复制:

['{} => {}'.format(x+0.5, round(x+0.5)) for x in range(10)]

['0.5 => 0', '1.5 => 2', '2.5 => 2', '3.5 => 4', '4.5 => 4', '5.5 => 6', '6.5 => 6', '7.5 => 8', '8.5 => 8', '9.5 => 10']

火:https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html #轮

状态:

Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input. For the built-in types supporting round(), values are rounded to the closest multiple of 10 to the power minus ndigits; if two multiples are equally close, rounding is done toward the even choice (so, for example, both round(0.5) and round(-0.5) are 0, and round(1.5) is 2). Any integer value is valid for ndigits (positive, zero, or negative). The return value is an integer if ndigits is omitted or None. Otherwise the return value has the same type as number. For a general Python object number, round delegates to number.round. Note The behavior of round() for floats can be surprising: for example, round(2.675, 2) gives 2.67 instead of the expected 2.68. This is not a bug: it’s a result of the fact that most decimal fractions can’t be represented exactly as a float. See Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations for more information.

有了这个认识，你可以用一些数学来解决它

import math
def my_round(i):
  f = math.floor(i)
  return f if i - f < 0.5 else f+1

现在您可以使用my_round而不是round运行相同的测试。

['{} => {}'.format(x + 0.5, my_round(x+0.5)) for x in range(10)]
['0.5 => 1', '1.5 => 2', '2.5 => 3', '3.5 => 4', '4.5 => 5', '5.5 => 6', '6.5 => 7', '7.5 => 8', '8.5 => 9', '9.5 => 10']

试试下面的代码:

def roundup(input):   
   demo = input  if str(input)[-1] != "5" else str(input).replace("5","6")
   place = len(demo.split(".")[1])-1
   return(round(float(demo),place))

结果将是:

>>> x = roundup(2.5)
>>> x
3.0  
>>> x = roundup(2.05)
>>> x
2.1 
>>> x = roundup(2.005)
>>> x
2.01 

Ooutput你可以在这里检查: https://i.stack.imgur.com/QQUkS.png

Python 3中最简单的舍入方法。学校教的X使用辅助变量:

n = 0.1 
round(2.5 + n)

这些将是2.0到3.0系列的结果(0.1步):

>>> round(2 + n)
>>> 2

>>> round(2.1 + n)
>>> 2

>>> round(2.2 + n)
>>> 2

>>> round(2.3 + n)
>>> 2

>>> round(2.4 + n)
>>> 2

>>> round(2.5 + n)
>>> 3

>>> round(2.6 + n)
>>> 3

>>> round(2.7 + n)
>>> 3

>>> round(2.8 + n)
>>> 3

>>> round(2.9 + n)
>>> 3

>>> round(3 + n)
>>> 3

你可以用数学来控制四舍五入。装天花板模块:

import math
print(math.ceil(2.5))
> 3

# round module within numpy when decimal is X.5 will give desired (X+1)

import numpy as np
example_of_some_variable = 3.5
rounded_result_of_variable = np.round(example_of_some_variable,0)
print (rounded_result_of_variable)

我建议自定义函数，它将工作于DataFrame:

def dfCustomRound(df, dec):
    d = 1 / 10 ** dec
    df = round(df, dec + 2)
    return (((df % (1 * d)) == 0.5 * d).astype(int) * 0.1 * d * np.sign(df) + df).round(dec)