# round module within numpy when decimal is X.5 will give desired (X+1)

import numpy as np
example_of_some_variable = 3.5
rounded_result_of_variable = np.round(example_of_some_variable,0)
print (rounded_result_of_variable)

Python 3的方法(称为“四舍五入”或“银行家四舍五入”)目前被认为是标准的四舍五入方法，尽管一些语言实现还没有在总线上实现。

简单的“总是四舍五入0.5”技术会导致对较大数字的轻微偏向。对于大量的计算，这是非常重要的。Python 3.0方法消除了这个问题。

常用的四舍五入方法不止一种。IEEE 754是浮点数学的国际标准，定义了五种不同的舍入方法(Python 3.0使用的是默认方法)。还有其他的。

这种行为并没有像它应有的那样广为人知。如果我没记错的话，AppleScript是这种舍入方法的早期采用者。AppleScript中的round命令提供了几个选项，但在IEEE 754中，round-向偶数是默认的。显然，实现round命令的工程师受够了“让它像我在学校学到的那样工作”的所有请求，所以他实现了:学校教的round 2.5舍入是一个有效的AppleScript命令。: -)

只是在这里添加一个文档中的重要说明:

https://docs.python.org/dev/library/functions.html#round

请注意 round()对于浮点数的行为可能令人惊讶:例如， 轮(2.675,2)给出2.67而不是预期的2.68。这不是 错误:这是一个事实的结果，大多数十进制分数不能 精确地表示为浮点数。参见浮点运算:问题 和限制以获取更多信息。

因此，在Python 3.2中得到以下结果时，不要感到惊讶:

>>> round(0.25,1), round(0.35,1), round(0.45,1), round(0.55,1)
(0.2, 0.3, 0.5, 0.6)

>>> round(0.025,2), round(0.035,2), round(0.045,2), round(0.055,2)
(0.03, 0.04, 0.04, 0.06)

# round module within numpy when decimal is X.5 will give desired (X+1)

import numpy as np
example_of_some_variable = 3.5
rounded_result_of_variable = np.round(example_of_some_variable,0)
print (rounded_result_of_variable)

示例复制:

['{} => {}'.format(x+0.5, round(x+0.5)) for x in range(10)]

['0.5 => 0', '1.5 => 2', '2.5 => 2', '3.5 => 4', '4.5 => 4', '5.5 => 6', '6.5 => 6', '7.5 => 8', '8.5 => 8', '9.5 => 10']

火:https://docs.python.org/3/library/functions.html #轮

状态:

Return number rounded to ndigits precision after the decimal point. If ndigits is omitted or is None, it returns the nearest integer to its input. For the built-in types supporting round(), values are rounded to the closest multiple of 10 to the power minus ndigits; if two multiples are equally close, rounding is done toward the even choice (so, for example, both round(0.5) and round(-0.5) are 0, and round(1.5) is 2). Any integer value is valid for ndigits (positive, zero, or negative). The return value is an integer if ndigits is omitted or None. Otherwise the return value has the same type as number. For a general Python object number, round delegates to number.round. Note The behavior of round() for floats can be surprising: for example, round(2.675, 2) gives 2.67 instead of the expected 2.68. This is not a bug: it’s a result of the fact that most decimal fractions can’t be represented exactly as a float. See Floating Point Arithmetic: Issues and Limitations for more information.

有了这个认识，你可以用一些数学来解决它

import math
def my_round(i):
  f = math.floor(i)
  return f if i - f < 0.5 else f+1

现在您可以使用my_round而不是round运行相同的测试。

['{} => {}'.format(x + 0.5, my_round(x+0.5)) for x in range(10)]
['0.5 => 1', '1.5 => 2', '2.5 => 3', '3.5 => 4', '4.5 => 5', '5.5 => 6', '6.5 => 7', '7.5 => 8', '8.5 => 9', '9.5 => 10']

你可以使用Decimal模块控制你在Py3000中得到的舍入:

>>> decimal.Decimal('3.5').quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), 
    rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_UP)
>>> Decimal('4')

>>> decimal.Decimal('2.5').quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'),    
    rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_EVEN)
>>> Decimal('2')

>>> decimal.Decimal('3.5').quantize(decimal.Decimal('1'), 
    rounding=decimal.ROUND_HALF_DOWN)
>>> Decimal('3')