是否有一种方法使用SQL列出给定表的所有外键?我知道表名/模式,我可以把它插入。
当前回答
我写了一个解决方案,喜欢和经常使用。代码在http://code.google.com/p/pgutils/。看这些小疙瘩。foreign_keys视图。
不幸的是,输出太冗长,这里不包括。但是,你可以在数据库的公共版本上尝试一下,就像这样:
$ psql -h unison-db.org -U PUBLIC -d unison -c 'select * from pgutils.foreign_keys;
这至少适用于8.3版本。如果需要的话,我预计会在未来几个月内对其进行更新。
莉丝
其他回答
我创建了一个小工具来查询和比较数据库模式: Dump PostgreSQL数据库模式到文本
有关于FK的信息,但ollyc的回复提供了更多的细节。
PSQL就是这样做的,如果你用:
psql -E
它将准确地显示执行了哪些查询。在查找外键的情况下,它是:
SELECT conname,
pg_catalog.pg_get_constraintdef(r.oid, true) as condef
FROM pg_catalog.pg_constraint r
WHERE r.conrelid = '16485' AND r.contype = 'f' ORDER BY 1
在这种情况下,16485是我正在寻找的表的oid -你可以通过将你的表名转换为regclass来获得它:
WHERE r.conrelid = 'mytable'::regclass
如果表名不是唯一的(或者是搜索路径中的第一个),则对表名进行模式限定:
WHERE r.conrelid = 'myschema.mytable'::regclass
从最流行的答案改进查询
因为对于postgresql 12+ information_schema是非常慢的
它帮助了我:
SELECT sh.nspname AS table_schema,
tbl.relname AS table_name,
col.attname AS column_name,
referenced_sh.nspname AS foreign_table_schema,
referenced_tbl.relname AS foreign_table_name,
referenced_field.attname AS foreign_column_name
FROM pg_constraint c
INNER JOIN pg_namespace AS sh ON sh.oid = c.connamespace
INNER JOIN (SELECT oid, unnest(conkey) as conkey FROM pg_constraint) con ON c.oid = con.oid
INNER JOIN pg_class tbl ON tbl.oid = c.conrelid
INNER JOIN pg_attribute col ON (col.attrelid = tbl.oid AND col.attnum = con.conkey)
INNER JOIN pg_class referenced_tbl ON c.confrelid = referenced_tbl.oid
INNER JOIN pg_namespace AS referenced_sh ON referenced_sh.oid = referenced_tbl.relnamespace
INNER JOIN (SELECT oid, unnest(confkey) as confkey FROM pg_constraint) conf ON c.oid = conf.oid
INNER JOIN pg_attribute referenced_field ON (referenced_field.attrelid = c.confrelid AND referenced_field.attnum = conf.confkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
我认为你想要的和@ollyc写的很接近的是:
SELECT
tc.constraint_name, tc.table_name, kcu.column_name,
ccu.table_name AS foreign_table_name,
ccu.column_name AS foreign_column_name
FROM
information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu
ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu
ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
WHERE constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND ccu.table_name='YourTableNameHere';
这将列出所有使用指定表作为外键的表
这是我目前使用的,它将列出一个表,它的fkey约束[删除表子句,它将列出当前目录中的所有表]:
SELECT
current_schema() AS "schema",
current_catalog AS "database",
"pg_constraint".conrelid::regclass::text AS "primary_table_name",
"pg_constraint".confrelid::regclass::text AS "foreign_table_name",
(
string_to_array(
(
string_to_array(
pg_get_constraintdef("pg_constraint".oid),
'('
)
)[2],
')'
)
)[1] AS "foreign_column_name",
"pg_constraint".conindid::regclass::text AS "constraint_name",
TRIM((
string_to_array(
pg_get_constraintdef("pg_constraint".oid),
'('
)
)[1]) AS "constraint_type",
pg_get_constraintdef("pg_constraint".oid) AS "constraint_definition"
FROM pg_constraint AS "pg_constraint"
JOIN pg_namespace AS "pg_namespace" ON "pg_namespace".oid = "pg_constraint".connamespace
WHERE
--fkey and pkey constraints
"pg_constraint".contype IN ( 'f', 'p' )
AND
"pg_namespace".nspname = current_schema()
AND
"pg_constraint".conrelid::regclass::text IN ('whatever_table_name')