是否有一种方法使用SQL列出给定表的所有外键?我知道表名/模式,我可以把它插入。


当前回答

检查ff帖子的解决方案,不要忘记标记这个,当你认为这是有帮助的

http://errorbank.blogspot.com/2011/03/list-all-foreign-keys-references-for.html

SELECT
  o.conname AS constraint_name,
  (SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE oid=m.relnamespace) AS source_schema,
  m.relname AS source_table,
  (SELECT a.attname FROM pg_attribute a WHERE a.attrelid = m.oid AND a.attnum = o.conkey[1] AND a.attisdropped = false) AS source_column,
  (SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE oid=f.relnamespace) AS target_schema,
  f.relname AS target_table,
  (SELECT a.attname FROM pg_attribute a WHERE a.attrelid = f.oid AND a.attnum = o.confkey[1] AND a.attisdropped = false) AS target_column
FROM
  pg_constraint o LEFT JOIN pg_class f ON f.oid = o.confrelid LEFT JOIN pg_class m ON m.oid = o.conrelid
WHERE
  o.contype = 'f' AND o.conrelid IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_class c WHERE c.relkind = 'r');

其他回答

你可以使用PostgreSQL系统目录。也许您可以查询pg_constraint来请求外键。 您还可以使用信息模式

另一种方式:

WITH foreign_keys AS (
    SELECT
      conname,
      conrelid,
      confrelid,
      unnest(conkey)  AS conkey,
      unnest(confkey) AS confkey
    FROM pg_constraint
    WHERE contype = 'f' -- AND confrelid::regclass = 'your_table'::regclass
)
-- if confrelid, conname pair shows up more than once then it is multicolumn foreign key
SELECT fk.conname as constraint_name,
       fk.confrelid::regclass as referenced_table, af.attname as pkcol,
       fk.conrelid::regclass as referencing_table, a.attname as fkcol
FROM foreign_keys fk
JOIN pg_attribute af ON af.attnum = fk.confkey AND af.attrelid = fk.confrelid
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attnum = conkey AND a.attrelid = fk.conrelid
ORDER BY fk.confrelid, fk.conname
;

您可以通过information_schema表来实现这一点。例如:

SELECT
    tc.table_schema, 
    tc.constraint_name, 
    tc.table_name, 
    kcu.column_name, 
    ccu.table_schema AS foreign_table_schema,
    ccu.table_name AS foreign_table_name,
    ccu.column_name AS foreign_column_name 
FROM 
    information_schema.table_constraints AS tc 
    JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu
      ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
      AND tc.table_schema = kcu.table_schema
    JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu
      ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
      AND ccu.table_schema = tc.table_schema
WHERE tc.constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY' AND tc.table_name='mytable';

这个查询也适用于组合键:

select c.constraint_name
    , x.table_schema as schema_name
    , x.table_name
    , x.column_name
    , y.table_schema as foreign_schema_name
    , y.table_name as foreign_table_name
    , y.column_name as foreign_column_name
from information_schema.referential_constraints c
join information_schema.key_column_usage x
    on x.constraint_name = c.constraint_name
join information_schema.key_column_usage y
    on y.ordinal_position = x.position_in_unique_constraint
    and y.constraint_name = c.unique_constraint_name
order by c.constraint_name, x.ordinal_position

我自己的贡献。目标是备份所有外键的定义:

SELECT
    'ALTER TABLE ' || tc.table_schema || '.' || tc.table_name || E'\n
    ADD FOREIGN KEY (' || kcu.column_name || ')' || E'\n
    REFERENCES ' || ccu.table_schema || '.' || ccu.table_name ||
    ' (' || ccu.column_name || ') ' || E'\n    ' ||
    CASE WHEN rc.match_option <> 'NONE' THEN E'\n
    MATCH ' || rc.match_option ELSE '' END ||
    CASE WHEN rc.update_rule <> 'NO ACTION' THEN E'\n
    ON UPDATE ' || rc.update_rule || ' ' ELSE '' END ||
    CASE WHEN rc.delete_rule <> 'NO ACTION'
    THEN 'ON DELETE ' || rc.delete_rule ELSE '' END || ';'
AS add_constraint
FROM
    information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
    JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu
        ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
        AND tc.table_schema = kcu.table_schema
    JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu
        ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
        AND ccu.table_schema = tc.table_schema
    JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints AS rc
        ON tc.constraint_name=rc.constraint_name
WHERE tc.constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY'
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