是否有一种方法使用SQL列出给定表的所有外键?我知道表名/模式,我可以把它插入。
当前回答
我创建了一个小工具来查询和比较数据库模式: Dump PostgreSQL数据库模式到文本
有关于FK的信息,但ollyc的回复提供了更多的细节。
其他回答
我自己的贡献。目标是备份所有外键的定义:
SELECT
'ALTER TABLE ' || tc.table_schema || '.' || tc.table_name || E'\n
ADD FOREIGN KEY (' || kcu.column_name || ')' || E'\n
REFERENCES ' || ccu.table_schema || '.' || ccu.table_name ||
' (' || ccu.column_name || ') ' || E'\n ' ||
CASE WHEN rc.match_option <> 'NONE' THEN E'\n
MATCH ' || rc.match_option ELSE '' END ||
CASE WHEN rc.update_rule <> 'NO ACTION' THEN E'\n
ON UPDATE ' || rc.update_rule || ' ' ELSE '' END ||
CASE WHEN rc.delete_rule <> 'NO ACTION'
THEN 'ON DELETE ' || rc.delete_rule ELSE '' END || ';'
AS add_constraint
FROM
information_schema.table_constraints AS tc
JOIN information_schema.key_column_usage AS kcu
ON tc.constraint_name = kcu.constraint_name
AND tc.table_schema = kcu.table_schema
JOIN information_schema.constraint_column_usage AS ccu
ON ccu.constraint_name = tc.constraint_name
AND ccu.table_schema = tc.table_schema
JOIN information_schema.referential_constraints AS rc
ON tc.constraint_name=rc.constraint_name
WHERE tc.constraint_type = 'FOREIGN KEY'
\t\a\g\a\ta
从最流行的答案改进查询
因为对于postgresql 12+ information_schema是非常慢的
它帮助了我:
SELECT sh.nspname AS table_schema,
tbl.relname AS table_name,
col.attname AS column_name,
referenced_sh.nspname AS foreign_table_schema,
referenced_tbl.relname AS foreign_table_name,
referenced_field.attname AS foreign_column_name
FROM pg_constraint c
INNER JOIN pg_namespace AS sh ON sh.oid = c.connamespace
INNER JOIN (SELECT oid, unnest(conkey) as conkey FROM pg_constraint) con ON c.oid = con.oid
INNER JOIN pg_class tbl ON tbl.oid = c.conrelid
INNER JOIN pg_attribute col ON (col.attrelid = tbl.oid AND col.attnum = con.conkey)
INNER JOIN pg_class referenced_tbl ON c.confrelid = referenced_tbl.oid
INNER JOIN pg_namespace AS referenced_sh ON referenced_sh.oid = referenced_tbl.relnamespace
INNER JOIN (SELECT oid, unnest(confkey) as confkey FROM pg_constraint) conf ON c.oid = conf.oid
INNER JOIN pg_attribute referenced_field ON (referenced_field.attrelid = c.confrelid AND referenced_field.attnum = conf.confkey)
WHERE c.contype = 'f'
另一种方式:
WITH foreign_keys AS (
SELECT
conname,
conrelid,
confrelid,
unnest(conkey) AS conkey,
unnest(confkey) AS confkey
FROM pg_constraint
WHERE contype = 'f' -- AND confrelid::regclass = 'your_table'::regclass
)
-- if confrelid, conname pair shows up more than once then it is multicolumn foreign key
SELECT fk.conname as constraint_name,
fk.confrelid::regclass as referenced_table, af.attname as pkcol,
fk.conrelid::regclass as referencing_table, a.attname as fkcol
FROM foreign_keys fk
JOIN pg_attribute af ON af.attnum = fk.confkey AND af.attrelid = fk.confrelid
JOIN pg_attribute a ON a.attnum = conkey AND a.attrelid = fk.conrelid
ORDER BY fk.confrelid, fk.conname
;
检查ff帖子的解决方案,不要忘记标记这个,当你认为这是有帮助的
http://errorbank.blogspot.com/2011/03/list-all-foreign-keys-references-for.html
SELECT
o.conname AS constraint_name,
(SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE oid=m.relnamespace) AS source_schema,
m.relname AS source_table,
(SELECT a.attname FROM pg_attribute a WHERE a.attrelid = m.oid AND a.attnum = o.conkey[1] AND a.attisdropped = false) AS source_column,
(SELECT nspname FROM pg_namespace WHERE oid=f.relnamespace) AS target_schema,
f.relname AS target_table,
(SELECT a.attname FROM pg_attribute a WHERE a.attrelid = f.oid AND a.attnum = o.confkey[1] AND a.attisdropped = false) AS target_column
FROM
pg_constraint o LEFT JOIN pg_class f ON f.oid = o.confrelid LEFT JOIN pg_class m ON m.oid = o.conrelid
WHERE
o.contype = 'f' AND o.conrelid IN (SELECT oid FROM pg_class c WHERE c.relkind = 'r');
只需替换'您的表名'在下面的查询与您的表名。
简短但贴心的赞,如果对你有用的话。
select * from information_schema.key_column_usage
where constraint_catalog=current_catalog and table_name='your_table_name'
and position_in_unique_constraint notnull;
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