我需要在一个图表中绘制一个显示计数的柱状图和一个显示率的折线图，我可以分别做这两个，但当我把它们放在一起时，我的第一层(即geom_bar)的比例被第二层(即geom_line)重叠。
我可以将geom_line的轴向右移动吗?
当前回答
可以对变量使用facet_wrap(~ variable, ncol=)来创建一个新的比较。它们不在同一个轴上，但很相似。
其他回答
我们当然可以用R函数图来建立一个双y轴的图。
# pseudo dataset
df <- data.frame(x = seq(1, 1000, 1), y1 = sample.int(100, 1000, replace=T), y2 = sample(50, 1000, replace = T))
# plot first plot
with(df, plot(y1 ~ x, col = "red"))
# set new plot
par(new = T)
# plot second plot, but without axis
with(df, plot(y2 ~ x, type = "l", xaxt = "n", yaxt = "n", xlab = "", ylab = ""))
# define y-axis and put y-labs
axis(4)
with(df, mtext("y2", side = 4))
对我来说，棘手的部分是计算出两个轴之间的变换函数。我用的是我的curvefit。
> dput(combined_80_8192 %>% filter (time > 270, time < 280))
structure(list(run = c(268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 268L,
268L, 268L, 268L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L,
263L, 263L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L,
269L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L,
267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 265L,
265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 266L, 266L,
266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 262L, 262L, 262L,
262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 264L,
264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 260L,
260L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 260L), repetition = c(8L, 8L, 8L, 8L,
8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L,
9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L,
5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L,
6L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L,
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L
), module = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "scenario.node[0].nicVLCTail.phyVLC", class = "factor"),
configname = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L,
1L, 1L), .Label = "Road-Vlc", class = "factor"), packetByteLength = c(8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L,
8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L
), numVehicles = c(2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L,
2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L
), dDistance = c(80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L,
80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L), time = c(270.166006903445,
271.173853699836, 272.175873251122, 273.177524313334, 274.182946177105,
275.188959464989, 276.189675339937, 277.198250244799, 278.204619457189,
279.212562800009, 270.164199199177, 271.168527215152, 272.173072994958,
273.179210429715, 274.184351047337, 275.18980754378, 276.194816792995,
277.198598277809, 278.202398083519, 279.210634593917, 270.210674322891,
271.212395107473, 272.218871923292, 273.219060500457, 274.220486359614,
275.22401452372, 276.229646658839, 277.231060448138, 278.240407241942,
279.2437126347, 270.283554249858, 271.293168593832, 272.298574288769,
273.304413221348, 274.306272082517, 275.309023049011, 276.317805897347,
277.324403550028, 278.332855848701, 279.334046374594, 270.118608539613,
271.127947700074, 272.133887145863, 273.135726000491, 274.135994529981,
275.136563912708, 276.140120735361, 277.144298344151, 278.146885137621,
279.147552358659, 270.206015567272, 271.214618077209, 272.216566814903,
273.225435592582, 274.234014573683, 275.242949179958, 276.248417809711,
277.248800670023, 278.249750333404, 279.252926560188, 270.217182684494,
271.218357511397, 272.224698488895, 273.231112784327, 274.238740508457,
275.242715184122, 276.249053562718, 277.250325509798, 278.258488063493,
279.261141590137, 270.282904173953, 271.284689544638, 272.294220723234,
273.299749415592, 274.30628880553, 275.312075103126, 276.31579134717,
277.321905523606, 278.326305136748, 279.333056502253, 270.258991527456,
271.260224091407, 272.270076810133, 273.27052037648, 274.274119348094,
275.280808254502, 276.286353887245, 277.287064312339, 278.294444793276,
279.296772014594, 270.333066283904, 271.33877455992, 272.345842319903,
273.350858180493, 274.353972278505, 275.360454510107, 276.365088896161,
277.369166956941, 278.372571708911, 279.38017503079), distanceToTx = c(80.255266401689,
80.156059067023, 79.98823695539, 79.826647129071, 79.76678667135,
79.788239825292, 79.734539327997, 79.74766421514, 79.801243848241,
79.765920888341, 80.255266401689, 80.15850240049, 79.98823695539,
79.826647129071, 79.76678667135, 79.788239825292, 79.735078924078,
79.74766421514, 79.801243848241, 79.764622734914, 80.251248121732,
80.146436869316, 79.984682320466, 79.82292012342, 79.761908518748,
79.796988776281, 79.736920997657, 79.745038376718, 79.802638836686,
79.770029970452, 80.243475525691, 80.127918207499, 79.978303140866,
79.816259117883, 79.749322030693, 79.809916018889, 79.744456560867,
79.738655068783, 79.788697533211, 79.784288359619, 80.260412958482,
80.168426829066, 79.992034911214, 79.830845773284, 79.7756751763,
79.778156038931, 79.732399593756, 79.752769548846, 79.799967731078,
79.757585110481, 80.251248121732, 80.146436869316, 79.984682320466,
79.822062073459, 79.75884601899, 79.801590491435, 79.738335109094,
79.74347007248, 79.803215965043, 79.771471198955, 80.250257298678,
80.146436869316, 79.983831684476, 79.822062073459, 79.75884601899,
79.801590491435, 79.738335109094, 79.74347007248, 79.803849157574,
79.771471198955, 80.243475525691, 80.130180105198, 79.978303140866,
79.816881283718, 79.749322030693, 79.80984572883, 79.744456560867,
79.738655068783, 79.790548644175, 79.784288359619, 80.246349000313,
80.137056554491, 79.980581246037, 79.818924707937, 79.753176142361,
79.808777040341, 79.741609845588, 79.740770913572, 79.796316397253,
79.777593733292, 80.238796415443, 80.119021911134, 79.974810568944,
79.814065350562, 79.743657315504, 79.810146783217, 79.749945098869,
79.737122584544, 79.781650522348, 79.791554933936), headerNoError = c(0.99999999989702,
0.9999999999981, 0.99999999999946, 0.9999999928026, 0.99999873265475,
0.77080141574964, 0.99007491438593, 0.99994396605059, 0.45588747062284,
0.93484381262491, 0.99999999989702, 0.99999999999816, 0.99999999999946,
0.9999999928026, 0.99999873265475, 0.77080141574964, 0.99008458785106,
0.99994396605059, 0.45588747062284, 0.93480223051707, 0.99999999989735,
0.99999999999789, 0.99999999999946, 0.99999999287551, 0.99999876302649,
0.46903147501117, 0.98835168988253, 0.99994427085086, 0.45235035271542,
0.93496741877335, 0.99999999989803, 0.99999999999781, 0.99999999999948,
0.99999999318224, 0.99994254156311, 0.46891362282273, 0.93382613917348,
0.99994594904099, 0.93002915596843, 0.93569767251247, 0.99999999989658,
0.99999999998074, 0.99999999999946, 0.99999999272802, 0.99999871586781,
0.76935240919896, 0.99002587758346, 0.99999881589732, 0.46179415706093,
0.93417422376389, 0.99999999989735, 0.99999999999789, 0.99999999999946,
0.99999999289347, 0.99999876940486, 0.46930769326427, 0.98837353639905,
0.99994447154714, 0.16313586712094, 0.93500824170148, 0.99999999989744,
0.99999999999789, 0.99999999999946, 0.99999999289347, 0.99999876940486,
0.46930769326427, 0.98837353639905, 0.99994447154714, 0.16330039178981,
0.93500824170148, 0.99999999989803, 0.99999999999781, 0.99999999999948,
0.99999999316541, 0.99994254156311, 0.46794586553266, 0.93382613917348,
0.99994594904099, 0.9303627789484, 0.93569767251247, 0.99999999989778,
0.9999999999978, 0.99999999999948, 0.99999999311433, 0.99999878195152,
0.47101897739483, 0.93368891853679, 0.99994556595217, 0.7571113417265,
0.93553999975802, 0.99999999998191, 0.99999999999784, 0.99999999999971,
0.99999891129658, 0.99994309267792, 0.46510628979591, 0.93442584181035,
0.99894450514543, 0.99890078483692, 0.76933812306423), receivedPower_dbm = c(-93.023492290586,
-92.388378035287, -92.205716340607, -93.816400586752, -95.023489422885,
-100.86308557253, -98.464763536915, -96.175707680373, -102.06189538385,
-99.716653422746, -93.023492290586, -92.384760627397, -92.205716340607,
-93.816400586752, -95.023489422885, -100.86308557253, -98.464201120719,
-96.175707680373, -102.06189538385, -99.717150021506, -93.022927803442,
-92.404017215549, -92.204561341714, -93.814319484729, -95.016990717792,
-102.01669022332, -98.558088145955, -96.173817001483, -102.07406915124,
-99.71517574876, -93.021813165972, -92.409586309743, -92.20229160243,
-93.805335867418, -96.184419849593, -102.01709540787, -99.728735187547,
-96.163233028048, -99.772547164798, -99.706399753853, -93.024204617071,
-92.745813384859, -92.206884754512, -93.818508150122, -95.027018807793,
-100.87000577258, -98.467607232407, -95.005311380324, -102.04157607608,
-99.724619517, -93.022927803442, -92.404017215549, -92.204561341714,
-93.813803344588, -95.015606885523, -102.0157405687, -98.556982278361,
-96.172566862738, -103.21871579865, -99.714687230796, -93.022787428238,
-92.404017215549, -92.204274688493, -93.813803344588, -95.015606885523,
-102.0157405687, -98.556982278361, -96.172566862738, -103.21784988098,
-99.714687230796, -93.021813165972, -92.409950613665, -92.20229160243,
-93.805838770576, -96.184419849593, -102.02042267497, -99.728735187547,
-96.163233028048, -99.768774335378, -99.706399753853, -93.022228914406,
-92.411048503835, -92.203136463155, -93.807357409082, -95.012865008237,
-102.00985717796, -99.730352912911, -96.165675535906, -100.92744056572,
-99.708301333236, -92.735781110993, -92.408137395049, -92.119533319039,
-94.982938427575, -96.181073124017, -102.03018610927, -99.721633629806,
-97.32940323644, -97.347613268692, -100.87007386786), snr = c(49.848348091678,
57.698190927109, 60.17669971462, 41.529809724535, 31.452202106925,
8.1976890851341, 14.240447804094, 24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406,
10.674183333671, 49.848348091678, 57.746270018264, 60.17669971462,
41.529809724535, 31.452202106925, 8.1976890851341, 14.242292077376,
24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406, 10.672962852322, 49.854827699773,
57.49079026127, 60.192705735317, 41.549715223147, 31.499301851462,
6.2853718719014, 13.937702343688, 24.133388256416, 6.2028757927148,
10.677815810561, 49.867624820879, 57.417115267867, 60.224172277442,
41.635752021705, 24.074540962859, 6.2847854917092, 10.644529778044,
24.19227425387, 10.537686730745, 10.699414795917, 49.84017267426,
53.139646558768, 60.160512118809, 41.509660845114, 31.42665220053,
8.1846370024428, 14.231126423354, 31.584125885363, 6.2494585568733,
10.654622041348, 49.854827699773, 57.49079026127, 60.192705735317,
41.55465351989, 31.509340361646, 6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322,
24.140336174865, 4.765718874642, 10.679016976694, 49.856439162736,
57.49079026127, 60.196678846453, 41.55465351989, 31.509340361646,
6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322, 24.140336174865, 4.7666691818074,
10.679016976694, 49.867624820879, 57.412299088098, 60.224172277442,
41.630930975211, 24.074540962859, 6.279972363168, 10.644529778044,
24.19227425387, 10.546845071479, 10.699414795917, 49.862851240855,
57.397787176282, 60.212457625018, 41.61637603957, 31.529239767749,
6.2952688513108, 10.640565481982, 24.178672145334, 8.0771089950663,
10.694731030907, 53.262541905639, 57.43627424514, 61.382796189332,
31.747253311549, 24.093100244121, 6.2658701281075, 10.661949889074,
18.495227442305, 18.417839037171, 8.1845086722809), frameId = c(15051,
15106, 15165, 15220, 15279, 15330, 15385, 15452, 15511, 15566,
15019, 15074, 15129, 15184, 15239, 15298, 15353, 15412, 15471,
15526, 14947, 14994, 15057, 15112, 15171, 15226, 15281, 15332,
15391, 15442, 14971, 15030, 15085, 15144, 15203, 15262, 15321,
15380, 15435, 15490, 14915, 14978, 15033, 15092, 15147, 15198,
15257, 15312, 15371, 15430, 14975, 15034, 15089, 15140, 15195,
15254, 15313, 15368, 15427, 15478, 14987, 15046, 15105, 15160,
15215, 15274, 15329, 15384, 15447, 15506, 14943, 15002, 15061,
15116, 15171, 15230, 15285, 15344, 15399, 15454, 14971, 15026,
15081, 15136, 15195, 15258, 15313, 15368, 15423, 15478, 15039,
15094, 15149, 15204, 15263, 15314, 15369, 15428, 15487, 15546
), packetOkSinr = c(0.99999999314881, 0.9999999998736, 0.99999999996428,
0.99999952114066, 0.99991568416005, 3.00628034688444e-08,
0.51497487795954, 0.99627877136019, 0, 0.011303253101957,
0.99999999314881, 0.99999999987726, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999952114066,
0.99991568416005, 3.00628034688444e-08, 0.51530974419663,
0.99627877136019, 0, 0.011269851265775, 0.9999999931708,
0.99999999985986, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999952599145, 0.99991770469509,
0, 0.45861812482641, 0.99629897628155, 0, 0.011403119534097,
0.99999999321568, 0.99999999985437, 0.99999999996519, 0.99999954639936,
0.99618434878558, 0, 0.010513119213425, 0.99641022914441,
0.00801687746446111, 0.012011103529927, 0.9999999931195,
0.99999999871861, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999951617905, 0.99991456738049,
2.6525298291169e-08, 0.51328066587104, 0.9999212220316, 0,
0.010777054258914, 0.9999999931708, 0.99999999985986, 0.99999999996428,
0.99999952718674, 0.99991812902805, 0, 0.45929307038653,
0.99631228046814, 0, 0.011436292559188, 0.99999999317629,
0.99999999985986, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999952718674, 0.99991812902805,
0, 0.45929307038653, 0.99631228046814, 0, 0.011436292559188,
0.99999999321568, 0.99999999985437, 0.99999999996519, 0.99999954527918,
0.99618434878558, 0, 0.010513119213425, 0.99641022914441,
0.00821047996950475, 0.012011103529927, 0.99999999319919,
0.99999999985345, 0.99999999996519, 0.99999954188106, 0.99991896371849,
0, 0.010410830482692, 0.996384831822, 9.12484388049251e-09,
0.011877185067536, 0.99999999879646, 0.9999999998562, 0.99999999998077,
0.99992756868677, 0.9962208785486, 0, 0.010971897073662,
0.93214999078663, 0.92943956665979, 2.64925478221656e-08),
snir = c(49.848348091678, 57.698190927109, 60.17669971462,
41.529809724535, 31.452202106925, 8.1976890851341, 14.240447804094,
24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406, 10.674183333671, 49.848348091678,
57.746270018264, 60.17669971462, 41.529809724535, 31.452202106925,
8.1976890851341, 14.242292077376, 24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406,
10.672962852322, 49.854827699773, 57.49079026127, 60.192705735317,
41.549715223147, 31.499301851462, 6.2853718719014, 13.937702343688,
24.133388256416, 6.2028757927148, 10.677815810561, 49.867624820879,
57.417115267867, 60.224172277442, 41.635752021705, 24.074540962859,
6.2847854917092, 10.644529778044, 24.19227425387, 10.537686730745,
10.699414795917, 49.84017267426, 53.139646558768, 60.160512118809,
41.509660845114, 31.42665220053, 8.1846370024428, 14.231126423354,
31.584125885363, 6.2494585568733, 10.654622041348, 49.854827699773,
57.49079026127, 60.192705735317, 41.55465351989, 31.509340361646,
6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322, 24.140336174865, 4.765718874642,
10.679016976694, 49.856439162736, 57.49079026127, 60.196678846453,
41.55465351989, 31.509340361646, 6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322,
24.140336174865, 4.7666691818074, 10.679016976694, 49.867624820879,
57.412299088098, 60.224172277442, 41.630930975211, 24.074540962859,
6.279972363168, 10.644529778044, 24.19227425387, 10.546845071479,
10.699414795917, 49.862851240855, 57.397787176282, 60.212457625018,
41.61637603957, 31.529239767749, 6.2952688513108, 10.640565481982,
24.178672145334, 8.0771089950663, 10.694731030907, 53.262541905639,
57.43627424514, 61.382796189332, 31.747253311549, 24.093100244121,
6.2658701281075, 10.661949889074, 18.495227442305, 18.417839037171,
8.1845086722809), ookSnirBer = c(8.8808636558081e-24, 3.2219795637026e-27,
2.6468895519653e-28, 3.9807779074715e-20, 1.0849324265615e-15,
2.5705217057696e-05, 4.7313805615763e-08, 1.8800438086075e-12,
0.00021005320203921, 1.9147343768384e-06, 8.8808636558081e-24,
3.0694773489537e-27, 2.6468895519653e-28, 3.9807779074715e-20,
1.0849324265615e-15, 2.5705217057696e-05, 4.7223753038869e-08,
1.8800438086075e-12, 0.00021005320203921, 1.9171738578051e-06,
8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 2.6045198111088e-28,
3.9014083702734e-20, 1.0342658440386e-15, 0.00019591630514278,
6.4692014108683e-08, 1.8600094209271e-12, 0.0002140067535655,
1.9074922485477e-06, 8.7096574467175e-24, 4.2779443633862e-27,
2.5231916788231e-28, 3.5761615214425e-20, 1.9750692814982e-12,
0.0001960392878411, 1.9748966344895e-06, 1.7515881895994e-12,
2.2078334799411e-06, 1.8649940680806e-06, 8.954486301678e-24,
3.2021085732779e-25, 2.690441113724e-28, 4.0627628846548e-20,
1.1134484878561e-15, 2.6061691733331e-05, 4.777159157954e-08,
9.4891388749738e-16, 0.00020359398491544, 1.9542110660398e-06,
8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 2.6045198111088e-28,
3.8819641115984e-20, 1.0237769828158e-15, 0.00019562832342849,
6.4455095380046e-08, 1.8468752030971e-12, 0.0010099091367628,
1.9051035165106e-06, 8.8085966897635e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27,
2.594108048185e-28, 3.8819641115984e-20, 1.0237769828158e-15,
0.00019562832342849, 6.4455095380046e-08, 1.8468752030971e-12,
0.0010088638355194, 1.9051035165106e-06, 8.7096574467175e-24,
4.2987746909572e-27, 2.5231916788231e-28, 3.593647329558e-20,
1.9750692814982e-12, 0.00019705170257492, 1.9748966344895e-06,
1.7515881895994e-12, 2.1868296425817e-06, 1.8649940680806e-06,
8.7517439682173e-24, 4.3621551072316e-27, 2.553168170837e-28,
3.6469582463164e-20, 1.0032983660212e-15, 0.00019385229409318,
1.9830820164805e-06, 1.7760568361323e-12, 2.919419915209e-05,
1.8741284335866e-06, 2.8285944348148e-25, 4.1960751547207e-27,
7.8468215407139e-29, 8.0407329049747e-16, 1.9380328071065e-12,
0.00020004849911333, 1.9393279417733e-06, 5.9354475879597e-10,
6.4258355913627e-10, 2.6065221215415e-05), ookSnrBer = c(8.8808636558081e-24,
3.2219795637026e-27, 2.6468895519653e-28, 3.9807779074715e-20,
1.0849324265615e-15, 2.5705217057696e-05, 4.7313805615763e-08,
1.8800438086075e-12, 0.00021005320203921, 1.9147343768384e-06,
8.8808636558081e-24, 3.0694773489537e-27, 2.6468895519653e-28,
3.9807779074715e-20, 1.0849324265615e-15, 2.5705217057696e-05,
4.7223753038869e-08, 1.8800438086075e-12, 0.00021005320203921,
1.9171738578051e-06, 8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27,
2.6045198111088e-28, 3.9014083702734e-20, 1.0342658440386e-15,
0.00019591630514278, 6.4692014108683e-08, 1.8600094209271e-12,
0.0002140067535655, 1.9074922485477e-06, 8.7096574467175e-24,
4.2779443633862e-27, 2.5231916788231e-28, 3.5761615214425e-20,
1.9750692814982e-12, 0.0001960392878411, 1.9748966344895e-06,
1.7515881895994e-12, 2.2078334799411e-06, 1.8649940680806e-06,
8.954486301678e-24, 3.2021085732779e-25, 2.690441113724e-28,
4.0627628846548e-20, 1.1134484878561e-15, 2.6061691733331e-05,
4.777159157954e-08, 9.4891388749738e-16, 0.00020359398491544,
1.9542110660398e-06, 8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27,
2.6045198111088e-28, 3.8819641115984e-20, 1.0237769828158e-15,
0.00019562832342849, 6.4455095380046e-08, 1.8468752030971e-12,
0.0010099091367628, 1.9051035165106e-06, 8.8085966897635e-24,
3.9715925056443e-27, 2.594108048185e-28, 3.8819641115984e-20,
1.0237769828158e-15, 0.00019562832342849, 6.4455095380046e-08,
1.8468752030971e-12, 0.0010088638355194, 1.9051035165106e-06,
8.7096574467175e-24, 4.2987746909572e-27, 2.5231916788231e-28,
3.593647329558e-20, 1.9750692814982e-12, 0.00019705170257492,
1.9748966344895e-06, 1.7515881895994e-12, 2.1868296425817e-06,
1.8649940680806e-06, 8.7517439682173e-24, 4.3621551072316e-27,
2.553168170837e-28, 3.6469582463164e-20, 1.0032983660212e-15,
0.00019385229409318, 1.9830820164805e-06, 1.7760568361323e-12,
2.919419915209e-05, 1.8741284335866e-06, 2.8285944348148e-25,
4.1960751547207e-27, 7.8468215407139e-29, 8.0407329049747e-16,
1.9380328071065e-12, 0.00020004849911333, 1.9393279417733e-06,
5.9354475879597e-10, 6.4258355913627e-10, 2.6065221215415e-05
)), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -100L), .Names = c("run",
"repetition", "module", "configname", "packetByteLength", "numVehicles",
"dDistance", "time", "distanceToTx", "headerNoError", "receivedPower_dbm",
"snr", "frameId", "packetOkSinr", "snir", "ookSnirBer", "ookSnrBer"
))
求变换函数
Y1 -> y2 该函数用于将次要y轴的数据按照第一个y轴进行“归一化”
变换函数:f(y1) = 0.025*x + 2.75
Y2 -> y1 该函数用于将第一个y轴的断点转换为第二个y轴的值。注意，现在坐标轴互换了。
变换函数:f(y1) = 40*x - 110
策划
注意如何在ggplot调用中使用转换函数来“动态地”转换数据
ggplot(data=combined_80_8192 %>% filter (time > 270, time < 280), aes(x=time) ) +
stat_summary(aes(y=receivedPower_dbm ), fun.y=mean, geom="line", colour="black") +
stat_summary(aes(y=packetOkSinr*40 - 110 ), fun.y=mean, geom="line", colour="black", position = position_dodge(width=10)) +
scale_x_continuous() +
scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-0,-110,-10), "y_first", sec.axis=sec_axis(~.*0.025+2.75, name="y_second") )
第一个stat_summary调用是为第一个y轴设置基数的调用。 第二个stat_summary调用用于转换数据。请记住，所有数据将以第一个y轴为基础。第一个y轴的数据需要标准化。为此，我使用数据上的转换函数:y=packetOkSinr*40 - 110
现在要转换第二个轴，我在scale_y_continuous调用中使用相反的函数:sec.axis=sec_axis(~.*0.025+2.75, name="y_second")。
Hadley的回答参考了Stephen Few的报告《双缩放轴在图中是最好的解决方案吗?》
我不知道OP中的“counts”和“rate”是什么意思，但快速搜索会给我counts和Rates，所以我得到了一些关于北美登山事故的数据:
Years<-c("1998","1999","2000","2001","2002","2003","2004")
Persons.Involved<-c(281,248,301,276,295,231,311)
Fatalities<-c(20,17,24,16,34,18,35)
rate=100*Fatalities/Persons.Involved
df<-data.frame(Years=Years,Persons.Involved=Persons.Involved,Fatalities=Fatalities,rate=rate)
print(df,row.names = FALSE)
Years Persons.Involved Fatalities rate
1998 281 20 7.117438
1999 248 17 6.854839
2000 301 24 7.973422
2001 276 16 5.797101
2002 295 34 11.525424
2003 231 18 7.792208
2004 311 35 11.254019
然后，我尝试按照Few在上述报告第7页建议的那样绘制图表(并按照OP的要求将计数绘制为柱状图，将率绘制为折线图):
The other less obvious solution, which works only for time series, is to convert all sets of values to a common quantitative scale by displaying percentage differences between each value and a reference (or index) value. For instance, select a particular point in time, such as the first interval that appears in the graph, and express each subsequent value as the percentage difference between it and the initial value. This is done by dividing the value at each point in time by the value for the initial point in time and then multiplying it by 100 to convert the rate to a percentage, as illustrated below.
df2<-df
df2$Persons.Involved <- 100*df$Persons.Involved/df$Persons.Involved[1]
df2$rate <- 100*df$rate/df$rate[1]
plot(ggplot(df2)+
geom_bar(aes(x=Years,weight=Persons.Involved))+
geom_line(aes(x=Years,y=rate,group=1))+
theme(text = element_text(size=30))
)
这就是结果:
但我不是很喜欢它，我不能轻易地给它加上一个传奇……
1 威廉森，杰德，等人。2005年北美登山事故。The Mountaineers Books, 2005。
从ggplot2 2.2.0开始，您可以添加如下的辅助轴(取自ggplot2 2.2.0公告):
ggplot(mpg, aes(displ, hwy)) +
geom_point() +
scale_y_continuous(
"mpg (US)",
sec.axis = sec_axis(~ . * 1.20, name = "mpg (UK)")
)Kohske大约在3年前提供了解决这一挑战的技术骨干。在Stackoverflow [id: 18989001, 29235405, 21026598]的几个实例中已经讨论过这个主题及其解决方案的技术细节。因此，我将只提供一个特定的变化和一些解释性演练，使用上述解决方案。
让我们假设我们确实在组G1中有一些数据y1，而组G2中的一些数据y2以某种方式相关，例如范围/比例转换或添加了一些噪声。我们想把数据画在一张图上，左边是y1右边是y2。
df <- data.frame(item=LETTERS[1:n], y1=c(-0.8684, 4.2242, -0.3181, 0.5797, -0.4875), y2=c(-5.719, 205.184, 4.781, 41.952, 9.911 )) # made up!
> df
item y1 y2
1 A -0.8684 -19.154567
2 B 4.2242 219.092499
3 C -0.3181 18.849686
4 D 0.5797 46.945161
5 E -0.4875 -4.721973
如果我们现在把数据画在一起
ggplot(data=df, aes(label=item)) +
theme_bw() +
geom_segment(aes(x='G1', xend='G2', y=y1, yend=y2), color='grey')+
geom_text(aes(x='G1', y=y1), color='blue') +
geom_text(aes(x='G2', y=y2), color='red') +
theme(legend.position='none', panel.grid=element_blank())
它并没有很好地对齐，因为小尺度y1明显被大尺度y2折叠了。
这里应对挑战的技巧是在技术上根据第一个尺度y1绘制两个数据集，但根据二级轴报告第二个数据集，并使用标签显示原始尺度y2。
因此，我们构建了第一个辅助函数CalcFudgeAxis，它计算并收集要显示的新轴的特征。这个函数可以被修改成任意的形式(这个函数只是将y2映射到y1的范围上)。
CalcFudgeAxis = function( y1, y2=y1) {
Cast2To1 = function(x) ((ylim1[2]-ylim1[1])/(ylim2[2]-ylim2[1])*x) # x gets mapped to range of ylim2
ylim1 <- c(min(y1),max(y1))
ylim2 <- c(min(y2),max(y2))
yf <- Cast2To1(y2)
labelsyf <- pretty(y2)
return(list(
yf=yf,
labels=labelsyf,
breaks=Cast2To1(labelsyf)
))
}
什么产生了一些:
> FudgeAxis <- CalcFudgeAxis( df$y1, df$y2 )
> FudgeAxis
$yf
[1] -0.4094344 4.6831656 0.4029175 1.0034664 -0.1009335
$labels
[1] -50 0 50 100 150 200 250
$breaks
[1] -1.068764 0.000000 1.068764 2.137529 3.206293 4.275058 5.343822
> cbind(df, FudgeAxis$yf)
item y1 y2 FudgeAxis$yf
1 A -0.8684 -19.154567 -0.4094344
2 B 4.2242 219.092499 4.6831656
3 C -0.3181 18.849686 0.4029175
4 D 0.5797 46.945161 1.0034664
5 E -0.4875 -4.721973 -0.1009335
现在我将Kohske的解决方案包装在第二个辅助函数PlotWithFudgeAxis中(我们将ggplot对象和新轴的辅助对象放入其中):
library(gtable)
library(grid)
PlotWithFudgeAxis = function( plot1, FudgeAxis) {
# based on: https://rpubs.com/kohske/dual_axis_in_ggplot2
plot2 <- plot1 + with(FudgeAxis, scale_y_continuous( breaks=breaks, labels=labels))
#extract gtable
g1<-ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(plot1))
g2<-ggplot_gtable(ggplot_build(plot2))
#overlap the panel of the 2nd plot on that of the 1st plot
pp<-c(subset(g1$layout, name=="panel", se=t:r))
g<-gtable_add_grob(g1, g2$grobs[[which(g2$layout$name=="panel")]], pp$t, pp$l, pp$b,pp$l)
ia <- which(g2$layout$name == "axis-l")
ga <- g2$grobs[[ia]]
ax <- ga$children[[2]]
ax$widths <- rev(ax$widths)
ax$grobs <- rev(ax$grobs)
ax$grobs[[1]]$x <- ax$grobs[[1]]$x - unit(1, "npc") + unit(0.15, "cm")
g <- gtable_add_cols(g, g2$widths[g2$layout[ia, ]$l], length(g$widths) - 1)
g <- gtable_add_grob(g, ax, pp$t, length(g$widths) - 1, pp$b)
grid.draw(g)
}
现在可以将所有内容放在一起:下面的代码显示了建议的解决方案如何在日常环境中使用。plot调用现在不再绘制原始数据y2，而是一个克隆版本yf(保存在预先计算的辅助对象FudgeAxis中)，它以y1的规模运行。然后使用Kohske的辅助函数PlotWithFudgeAxis操作原始ggplot对象，以添加第二个轴，保留y2的刻度。它的情节和被操纵的情节一样。
FudgeAxis <- CalcFudgeAxis( df$y1, df$y2 )
tmpPlot <- ggplot(data=df, aes(label=item)) +
theme_bw() +
geom_segment(aes(x='G1', xend='G2', y=y1, yend=FudgeAxis$yf), color='grey')+
geom_text(aes(x='G1', y=y1), color='blue') +
geom_text(aes(x='G2', y=FudgeAxis$yf), color='red') +
theme(legend.position='none', panel.grid=element_blank())
PlotWithFudgeAxis(tmpPlot, FudgeAxis)
现在它有两个轴，左边是y1右边是y2
Above solution is, to put it straight, a limited shaky hack. As it plays with the ggplot kernel it will throw some warnings that we exchange post-the-fact scales, etc. It has to be handled with care and may produce some undesired behaviour in another setting. As well one may need to fiddle around with the helper functions to get the layout as desired. The placement of the legend is such an issue (it would be placed between the panel and the new axis; this is why I droped it). The scaling / alignment of the 2 axis is as well a bit challenging: The code above works nicely when both scales contain the "0", else one axis gets shifted. So definetly with some opportunities to improve...
如果on想要保存图片，就必须将调用包装成设备打开/关闭:
png(...)
PlotWithFudgeAxis(tmpPlot, FudgeAxis)
dev.off()
