下面的文章帮助我将ggplot2生成的两个图合并到单行上:

一页上的多个图(ggplot2)由Cookbook for R

下面是代码在这种情况下的样子:

p1 <- 
  ggplot() + aes(mns)+ geom_histogram(aes(y=..density..), binwidth=0.01, colour="black", fill="white") + geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(mns, na.rm=T)), color="red", linetype="dashed", size=1) +  geom_density(alpha=.2)

p2 <- 
  ggplot() + aes(mns)+ geom_histogram( binwidth=0.01, colour="black", fill="white") + geom_vline(aes(xintercept=mean(mns, na.rm=T)), color="red", linetype="dashed", size=1)  

multiplot(p1,p2,cols=2)

这在ggplot2中是不可能的，因为我认为具有单独y尺度的图(不是相互转换的y尺度)从根本上是有缺陷的。一些问题:

The are not invertible: given a point on the plot space, you can not uniquely map it back to a point in the data space. They are relatively hard to read correctly compared to other options. See A Study on Dual-Scale Data Charts by Petra Isenberg, Anastasia Bezerianos, Pierre Dragicevic, and Jean-Daniel Fekete for details. They are easily manipulated to mislead: there is no unique way to specify the relative scales of the axes, leaving them open to manipulation. Two examples from the Junkcharts blog: one, two They are arbitrary: why have only 2 scales, not 3, 4 or ten?

你也可能想要阅读Stephen Few关于双缩放轴在图形中的主题的冗长讨论，它们是最好的解决方案吗?

我承认并同意哈德利(和其他人)的观点，即单独的y量表“存在根本缺陷”。说到这里，我经常希望ggplot2有这个特性——特别是当数据是宽格式的，并且我想快速地可视化或检查数据时(即仅供个人使用)。

虽然tidyverse库可以很容易地将数据转换为长格式(这样facet_grid()就可以工作)，但这个过程仍然不是简单的，如下所示:

library(tidyverse)
df.wide %>%
    # Select only the columns you need for the plot.
    select(date, column1, column2, column3) %>%
    # Create an id column – needed in the `gather()` function.
    mutate(id = n()) %>%
    # The `gather()` function converts to long-format. 
    # In which the `type` column will contain three factors (column1, column2, column3),
    # and the `value` column will contain the respective values.
    # All the while we retain the `id` and `date` columns.
    gather(type, value, -id, -date) %>%
    # Create the plot according to your specifications
    ggplot(aes(x = date, y = value)) +
        geom_line() +
        # Create a panel for each `type` (ie. column1, column2, column3).
        # If the types have different scales, you can use the `scales="free"` option.
        facet_grid(type~., scales = "free")

您可以创建一个缩放因子，应用于第二个geom和右y轴。这是从塞巴斯蒂安的解推导出来的。

library(ggplot2)

scaleFactor <- max(mtcars$cyl) / max(mtcars$hp)

ggplot(mtcars, aes(x=disp)) +
  geom_smooth(aes(y=cyl), method="loess", col="blue") +
  geom_smooth(aes(y=hp * scaleFactor), method="loess", col="red") +
  scale_y_continuous(name="cyl", sec.axis=sec_axis(~./scaleFactor, name="hp")) +
  theme(
    axis.title.y.left=element_text(color="blue"),
    axis.text.y.left=element_text(color="blue"),
    axis.title.y.right=element_text(color="red"),
    axis.text.y.right=element_text(color="red")
  )

注意:使用ggplot2 v3.0.0

这是我对如何做二次轴变换的两种看法。首先，您希望将主数据和辅助数据的范围耦合起来。这通常是混乱的，因为您不想要的变量污染了全局环境。

为了简化这一点，我们将创建一个生成两个函数的函数工厂，其中scales::rescale()完成所有繁重的工作。因为这些是闭包，所以它们知道创建它们的环境，所以它们“有”创建之前生成的to和from参数的“内存”。

一个函数进行正向转换:将辅助数据转换为主要尺度。 第二个函数进行反向转换:将主要单位中的数据转换为次要单位。

library(ggplot2)
library(scales)

# Function factory for secondary axis transforms
train_sec <- function(primary, secondary, na.rm = TRUE) {
  # Thanks Henry Holm for including the na.rm argument!
  from <- range(secondary, na.rm = na.rm)
  to   <- range(primary, na.rm = na.rm)
  # Forward transform for the data
  forward <- function(x) {
    rescale(x, from = from, to = to)
  }
  # Reverse transform for the secondary axis
  reverse <- function(x) {
    rescale(x, from = to, to = from)
  }
  list(fwd = forward, rev = reverse)
}

这看起来相当复杂，但是创建函数工厂会使其余的一切变得更简单。现在，在绘制图形之前，我们将通过向工厂显示主要和次要数据来生成相关函数。我们将使用经济学数据集，它的失业列和pasavert列的范围非常不同。

sec <- with(economics, train_sec(unemploy, psavert))

然后我们使用y = sec$fwd(psavert)将辅助数据重新缩放到主轴，并指定~ sec$rev(.)作为辅助轴的转换参数。这给了我们一个主要范围和次要范围在图上占据相同空间的图。

ggplot(economics, aes(date)) +
  geom_line(aes(y = unemploy), colour = "blue") +
  geom_line(aes(y = sec$fwd(psavert)), colour = "red") +
  scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = sec_axis(~sec$rev(.), name = "psavert"))

工厂比这稍微灵活一些，因为如果您只是想重新调整最大值，您可以传入下限为0的数据。

# Rescaling the maximum
sec <- with(economics, train_sec(c(0, max(unemploy)),
                                 c(0, max(psavert))))

ggplot(economics, aes(date)) +
  geom_line(aes(y = unemploy), colour = "blue") +
  geom_line(aes(y = sec$fwd(psavert)), colour = "red") +
  scale_y_continuous(sec.axis = sec_axis(~sec$rev(.), name = "psavert"))

由reprex包于2021-02-05创建(v0.3.0)

我承认这个例子中的区别不是很明显，但如果你仔细观察，你会发现最大值是相同的，红线比蓝色的线低。

编辑:

这种方法现在已经在ggh4x包中的help_secondary()函数中被捕获和扩展。声明:我是ggh4x的作者。

对我来说，棘手的部分是计算出两个轴之间的变换函数。我用的是我的curvefit。

> dput(combined_80_8192 %>% filter (time > 270, time < 280))
structure(list(run = c(268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 268L, 
268L, 268L, 268L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 263L, 
263L, 263L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 269L, 
269L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 261L, 
267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 267L, 265L, 
265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 265L, 266L, 266L, 
266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 266L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 
262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 262L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 
264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 264L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 
260L, 260L, 260L, 260L, 260L), repetition = c(8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 
8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 8L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 3L, 
9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 9L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 7L, 5L, 5L, 
5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 5L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 6L, 
6L, 6L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 
4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 4L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L, 0L
), module = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L), .Label = "scenario.node[0].nicVLCTail.phyVLC", class = "factor"), 
    configname = structure(c(1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 1L, 
    1L, 1L), .Label = "Road-Vlc", class = "factor"), packetByteLength = c(8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 
    8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L, 8192L
    ), numVehicles = c(2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 
    2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L, 2L
    ), dDistance = c(80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 
    80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L, 80L), time = c(270.166006903445, 
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    -102.0157405687, -98.556982278361, -96.172566862738, -103.21784988098, 
    -99.714687230796, -93.021813165972, -92.409950613665, -92.20229160243, 
    -93.805838770576, -96.184419849593, -102.02042267497, -99.728735187547, 
    -96.163233028048, -99.768774335378, -99.706399753853, -93.022228914406, 
    -92.411048503835, -92.203136463155, -93.807357409082, -95.012865008237, 
    -102.00985717796, -99.730352912911, -96.165675535906, -100.92744056572, 
    -99.708301333236, -92.735781110993, -92.408137395049, -92.119533319039, 
    -94.982938427575, -96.181073124017, -102.03018610927, -99.721633629806, 
    -97.32940323644, -97.347613268692, -100.87007386786), snr = c(49.848348091678, 
    57.698190927109, 60.17669971462, 41.529809724535, 31.452202106925, 
    8.1976890851341, 14.240447804094, 24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406, 
    10.674183333671, 49.848348091678, 57.746270018264, 60.17669971462, 
    41.529809724535, 31.452202106925, 8.1976890851341, 14.242292077376, 
    24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406, 10.672962852322, 49.854827699773, 
    57.49079026127, 60.192705735317, 41.549715223147, 31.499301851462, 
    6.2853718719014, 13.937702343688, 24.133388256416, 6.2028757927148, 
    10.677815810561, 49.867624820879, 57.417115267867, 60.224172277442, 
    41.635752021705, 24.074540962859, 6.2847854917092, 10.644529778044, 
    24.19227425387, 10.537686730745, 10.699414795917, 49.84017267426, 
    53.139646558768, 60.160512118809, 41.509660845114, 31.42665220053, 
    8.1846370024428, 14.231126423354, 31.584125885363, 6.2494585568733, 
    10.654622041348, 49.854827699773, 57.49079026127, 60.192705735317, 
    41.55465351989, 31.509340361646, 6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322, 
    24.140336174865, 4.765718874642, 10.679016976694, 49.856439162736, 
    57.49079026127, 60.196678846453, 41.55465351989, 31.509340361646, 
    6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322, 24.140336174865, 4.7666691818074, 
    10.679016976694, 49.867624820879, 57.412299088098, 60.224172277442, 
    41.630930975211, 24.074540962859, 6.279972363168, 10.644529778044, 
    24.19227425387, 10.546845071479, 10.699414795917, 49.862851240855, 
    57.397787176282, 60.212457625018, 41.61637603957, 31.529239767749, 
    6.2952688513108, 10.640565481982, 24.178672145334, 8.0771089950663, 
    10.694731030907, 53.262541905639, 57.43627424514, 61.382796189332, 
    31.747253311549, 24.093100244121, 6.2658701281075, 10.661949889074, 
    18.495227442305, 18.417839037171, 8.1845086722809), frameId = c(15051, 
    15106, 15165, 15220, 15279, 15330, 15385, 15452, 15511, 15566, 
    15019, 15074, 15129, 15184, 15239, 15298, 15353, 15412, 15471, 
    15526, 14947, 14994, 15057, 15112, 15171, 15226, 15281, 15332, 
    15391, 15442, 14971, 15030, 15085, 15144, 15203, 15262, 15321, 
    15380, 15435, 15490, 14915, 14978, 15033, 15092, 15147, 15198, 
    15257, 15312, 15371, 15430, 14975, 15034, 15089, 15140, 15195, 
    15254, 15313, 15368, 15427, 15478, 14987, 15046, 15105, 15160, 
    15215, 15274, 15329, 15384, 15447, 15506, 14943, 15002, 15061, 
    15116, 15171, 15230, 15285, 15344, 15399, 15454, 14971, 15026, 
    15081, 15136, 15195, 15258, 15313, 15368, 15423, 15478, 15039, 
    15094, 15149, 15204, 15263, 15314, 15369, 15428, 15487, 15546
    ), packetOkSinr = c(0.99999999314881, 0.9999999998736, 0.99999999996428, 
    0.99999952114066, 0.99991568416005, 3.00628034688444e-08, 
    0.51497487795954, 0.99627877136019, 0, 0.011303253101957, 
    0.99999999314881, 0.99999999987726, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999952114066, 
    0.99991568416005, 3.00628034688444e-08, 0.51530974419663, 
    0.99627877136019, 0, 0.011269851265775, 0.9999999931708, 
    0.99999999985986, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999952599145, 0.99991770469509, 
    0, 0.45861812482641, 0.99629897628155, 0, 0.011403119534097, 
    0.99999999321568, 0.99999999985437, 0.99999999996519, 0.99999954639936, 
    0.99618434878558, 0, 0.010513119213425, 0.99641022914441, 
    0.00801687746446111, 0.012011103529927, 0.9999999931195, 
    0.99999999871861, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999951617905, 0.99991456738049, 
    2.6525298291169e-08, 0.51328066587104, 0.9999212220316, 0, 
    0.010777054258914, 0.9999999931708, 0.99999999985986, 0.99999999996428, 
    0.99999952718674, 0.99991812902805, 0, 0.45929307038653, 
    0.99631228046814, 0, 0.011436292559188, 0.99999999317629, 
    0.99999999985986, 0.99999999996428, 0.99999952718674, 0.99991812902805, 
    0, 0.45929307038653, 0.99631228046814, 0, 0.011436292559188, 
    0.99999999321568, 0.99999999985437, 0.99999999996519, 0.99999954527918, 
    0.99618434878558, 0, 0.010513119213425, 0.99641022914441, 
    0.00821047996950475, 0.012011103529927, 0.99999999319919, 
    0.99999999985345, 0.99999999996519, 0.99999954188106, 0.99991896371849, 
    0, 0.010410830482692, 0.996384831822, 9.12484388049251e-09, 
    0.011877185067536, 0.99999999879646, 0.9999999998562, 0.99999999998077, 
    0.99992756868677, 0.9962208785486, 0, 0.010971897073662, 
    0.93214999078663, 0.92943956665979, 2.64925478221656e-08), 
    snir = c(49.848348091678, 57.698190927109, 60.17669971462, 
    41.529809724535, 31.452202106925, 8.1976890851341, 14.240447804094, 
    24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406, 10.674183333671, 49.848348091678, 
    57.746270018264, 60.17669971462, 41.529809724535, 31.452202106925, 
    8.1976890851341, 14.242292077376, 24.122884195464, 6.2202875499406, 
    10.672962852322, 49.854827699773, 57.49079026127, 60.192705735317, 
    41.549715223147, 31.499301851462, 6.2853718719014, 13.937702343688, 
    24.133388256416, 6.2028757927148, 10.677815810561, 49.867624820879, 
    57.417115267867, 60.224172277442, 41.635752021705, 24.074540962859, 
    6.2847854917092, 10.644529778044, 24.19227425387, 10.537686730745, 
    10.699414795917, 49.84017267426, 53.139646558768, 60.160512118809, 
    41.509660845114, 31.42665220053, 8.1846370024428, 14.231126423354, 
    31.584125885363, 6.2494585568733, 10.654622041348, 49.854827699773, 
    57.49079026127, 60.192705735317, 41.55465351989, 31.509340361646, 
    6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322, 24.140336174865, 4.765718874642, 
    10.679016976694, 49.856439162736, 57.49079026127, 60.196678846453, 
    41.55465351989, 31.509340361646, 6.2867464196657, 13.941251828322, 
    24.140336174865, 4.7666691818074, 10.679016976694, 49.867624820879, 
    57.412299088098, 60.224172277442, 41.630930975211, 24.074540962859, 
    6.279972363168, 10.644529778044, 24.19227425387, 10.546845071479, 
    10.699414795917, 49.862851240855, 57.397787176282, 60.212457625018, 
    41.61637603957, 31.529239767749, 6.2952688513108, 10.640565481982, 
    24.178672145334, 8.0771089950663, 10.694731030907, 53.262541905639, 
    57.43627424514, 61.382796189332, 31.747253311549, 24.093100244121, 
    6.2658701281075, 10.661949889074, 18.495227442305, 18.417839037171, 
    8.1845086722809), ookSnirBer = c(8.8808636558081e-24, 3.2219795637026e-27, 
    2.6468895519653e-28, 3.9807779074715e-20, 1.0849324265615e-15, 
    2.5705217057696e-05, 4.7313805615763e-08, 1.8800438086075e-12, 
    0.00021005320203921, 1.9147343768384e-06, 8.8808636558081e-24, 
    3.0694773489537e-27, 2.6468895519653e-28, 3.9807779074715e-20, 
    1.0849324265615e-15, 2.5705217057696e-05, 4.7223753038869e-08, 
    1.8800438086075e-12, 0.00021005320203921, 1.9171738578051e-06, 
    8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 2.6045198111088e-28, 
    3.9014083702734e-20, 1.0342658440386e-15, 0.00019591630514278, 
    6.4692014108683e-08, 1.8600094209271e-12, 0.0002140067535655, 
    1.9074922485477e-06, 8.7096574467175e-24, 4.2779443633862e-27, 
    2.5231916788231e-28, 3.5761615214425e-20, 1.9750692814982e-12, 
    0.0001960392878411, 1.9748966344895e-06, 1.7515881895994e-12, 
    2.2078334799411e-06, 1.8649940680806e-06, 8.954486301678e-24, 
    3.2021085732779e-25, 2.690441113724e-28, 4.0627628846548e-20, 
    1.1134484878561e-15, 2.6061691733331e-05, 4.777159157954e-08, 
    9.4891388749738e-16, 0.00020359398491544, 1.9542110660398e-06, 
    8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 2.6045198111088e-28, 
    3.8819641115984e-20, 1.0237769828158e-15, 0.00019562832342849, 
    6.4455095380046e-08, 1.8468752030971e-12, 0.0010099091367628, 
    1.9051035165106e-06, 8.8085966897635e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 
    2.594108048185e-28, 3.8819641115984e-20, 1.0237769828158e-15, 
    0.00019562832342849, 6.4455095380046e-08, 1.8468752030971e-12, 
    0.0010088638355194, 1.9051035165106e-06, 8.7096574467175e-24, 
    4.2987746909572e-27, 2.5231916788231e-28, 3.593647329558e-20, 
    1.9750692814982e-12, 0.00019705170257492, 1.9748966344895e-06, 
    1.7515881895994e-12, 2.1868296425817e-06, 1.8649940680806e-06, 
    8.7517439682173e-24, 4.3621551072316e-27, 2.553168170837e-28, 
    3.6469582463164e-20, 1.0032983660212e-15, 0.00019385229409318, 
    1.9830820164805e-06, 1.7760568361323e-12, 2.919419915209e-05, 
    1.8741284335866e-06, 2.8285944348148e-25, 4.1960751547207e-27, 
    7.8468215407139e-29, 8.0407329049747e-16, 1.9380328071065e-12, 
    0.00020004849911333, 1.9393279417733e-06, 5.9354475879597e-10, 
    6.4258355913627e-10, 2.6065221215415e-05), ookSnrBer = c(8.8808636558081e-24, 
    3.2219795637026e-27, 2.6468895519653e-28, 3.9807779074715e-20, 
    1.0849324265615e-15, 2.5705217057696e-05, 4.7313805615763e-08, 
    1.8800438086075e-12, 0.00021005320203921, 1.9147343768384e-06, 
    8.8808636558081e-24, 3.0694773489537e-27, 2.6468895519653e-28, 
    3.9807779074715e-20, 1.0849324265615e-15, 2.5705217057696e-05, 
    4.7223753038869e-08, 1.8800438086075e-12, 0.00021005320203921, 
    1.9171738578051e-06, 8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 
    2.6045198111088e-28, 3.9014083702734e-20, 1.0342658440386e-15, 
    0.00019591630514278, 6.4692014108683e-08, 1.8600094209271e-12, 
    0.0002140067535655, 1.9074922485477e-06, 8.7096574467175e-24, 
    4.2779443633862e-27, 2.5231916788231e-28, 3.5761615214425e-20, 
    1.9750692814982e-12, 0.0001960392878411, 1.9748966344895e-06, 
    1.7515881895994e-12, 2.2078334799411e-06, 1.8649940680806e-06, 
    8.954486301678e-24, 3.2021085732779e-25, 2.690441113724e-28, 
    4.0627628846548e-20, 1.1134484878561e-15, 2.6061691733331e-05, 
    4.777159157954e-08, 9.4891388749738e-16, 0.00020359398491544, 
    1.9542110660398e-06, 8.8229427230445e-24, 3.9715925056443e-27, 
    2.6045198111088e-28, 3.8819641115984e-20, 1.0237769828158e-15, 
    0.00019562832342849, 6.4455095380046e-08, 1.8468752030971e-12, 
    0.0010099091367628, 1.9051035165106e-06, 8.8085966897635e-24, 
    3.9715925056443e-27, 2.594108048185e-28, 3.8819641115984e-20, 
    1.0237769828158e-15, 0.00019562832342849, 6.4455095380046e-08, 
    1.8468752030971e-12, 0.0010088638355194, 1.9051035165106e-06, 
    8.7096574467175e-24, 4.2987746909572e-27, 2.5231916788231e-28, 
    3.593647329558e-20, 1.9750692814982e-12, 0.00019705170257492, 
    1.9748966344895e-06, 1.7515881895994e-12, 2.1868296425817e-06, 
    1.8649940680806e-06, 8.7517439682173e-24, 4.3621551072316e-27, 
    2.553168170837e-28, 3.6469582463164e-20, 1.0032983660212e-15, 
    0.00019385229409318, 1.9830820164805e-06, 1.7760568361323e-12, 
    2.919419915209e-05, 1.8741284335866e-06, 2.8285944348148e-25, 
    4.1960751547207e-27, 7.8468215407139e-29, 8.0407329049747e-16, 
    1.9380328071065e-12, 0.00020004849911333, 1.9393279417733e-06, 
    5.9354475879597e-10, 6.4258355913627e-10, 2.6065221215415e-05
    )), class = "data.frame", row.names = c(NA, -100L), .Names = c("run", 
"repetition", "module", "configname", "packetByteLength", "numVehicles", 
"dDistance", "time", "distanceToTx", "headerNoError", "receivedPower_dbm", 
"snr", "frameId", "packetOkSinr", "snir", "ookSnirBer", "ookSnrBer"
))

求变换函数

Y1 -> y2 该函数用于将次要y轴的数据按照第一个y轴进行“归一化”

变换函数:f(y1) = 0.025*x + 2.75

Y2 -> y1 该函数用于将第一个y轴的断点转换为第二个y轴的值。注意，现在坐标轴互换了。

变换函数:f(y1) = 40*x - 110

策划

注意如何在ggplot调用中使用转换函数来“动态地”转换数据

ggplot(data=combined_80_8192 %>% filter (time > 270, time < 280), aes(x=time) ) +
  stat_summary(aes(y=receivedPower_dbm ), fun.y=mean, geom="line", colour="black") +
  stat_summary(aes(y=packetOkSinr*40 - 110 ), fun.y=mean, geom="line", colour="black", position = position_dodge(width=10)) +
  scale_x_continuous() +
  scale_y_continuous(breaks = seq(-0,-110,-10), "y_first", sec.axis=sec_axis(~.*0.025+2.75, name="y_second") ) 

第一个stat_summary调用是为第一个y轴设置基数的调用。 第二个stat_summary调用用于转换数据。请记住，所有数据将以第一个y轴为基础。第一个y轴的数据需要标准化。为此，我使用数据上的转换函数:y=packetOkSinr*40 - 110

现在要转换第二个轴，我在scale_y_continuous调用中使用相反的函数:sec.axis=sec_axis(~.*0.025+2.75, name="y_second")。