我最终创建了一个自定义按钮，允许从检查器设置图像。下面是我的代码:

import UIKit

@IBDesignable
class CustomButton: UIButton {

    @IBInspectable var leftImage: UIImage? = nil
    @IBInspectable var gapPadding: CGFloat = 0

    override init(frame: CGRect) {
        super.init(frame: frame)
        setup()
    }
    required public init?(coder aDecoder: NSCoder) {
        super.init(coder: aDecoder)
        setup()
    }

    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()
        setup()
    }

    func setup() {

        if(leftImage != nil) {
            let imageView = UIImageView(image: leftImage)
            imageView.translatesAutoresizingMaskIntoConstraints = false

            addSubview(imageView)

            let length = CGFloat(16)
            titleEdgeInsets.left += length

            NSLayoutConstraint.activate([
                imageView.leadingAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.leadingAnchor, constant: gapPadding),
                imageView.centerYAnchor.constraint(equalTo: self.titleLabel!.centerYAnchor, constant: 0),
                imageView.widthAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: length),
                imageView.heightAnchor.constraint(equalToConstant: length)
            ])
        }
    }
}

你可以从检查器中调整空白填充的值来调整文本和图像之间的间距。

PS:使用了一些来自@Mark Hennings答案的代码部分

更新XCODE 9(通过接口生成器)

在Interface Builder中有一个更简单的方法。

选择UIButton并在View Utilities > Semantic中选择这个选项:

就是这样!很好很简单!

可选-第二步:

如果你想调整图像和标题之间的间距，你可以在这里更改图像插入:

感谢Vitaliy Gozhenko

我只是想添加，你可以添加IB_DESIGNABLE之前，你的按钮@interface和设置你的按钮类在storyborad。然后你就可以在界面构建阶段实时观看它的布局，而无需启动应用程序

一个快速的选项，做什么你想要不玩任何插图:

class RightImageButton: UIButton {

    override func layoutSubviews() {
        super.layoutSubviews()

        if let  textSize = titleLabel?.intrinsicContentSize(),
                imageSize = imageView?.intrinsicContentSize() {
            let wholeWidth = textSize.width + K.textImageGap + imageSize.width
            titleLabel?.frame = CGRect(
                x: round(bounds.width/2 - wholeWidth/2),
                y: 0,
                width: ceil(textSize.width),
                height: bounds.height)
            imageView?.frame = CGRect(
                x: round(bounds.width/2 + wholeWidth/2 - imageSize.width),
                y: RoundRetina(bounds.height/2 - imageSize.height/2),
                width: imageSize.width,
                height: imageSize.height)
        }
    }

    struct K {
        static let textImageGap: CGFloat = 5
    }

}

子类化UIButton是完全没有必要的。相反，你可以简单地为图像设置一个高的左插入值，为标题设置一个小的右插入值。就像这样:

button.imageEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0., button.frame.size.width - (image.size.width + 15.), 0., 0.);
button.titleEdgeInsets = UIEdgeInsetsMake(0., 0., 0., image.size.width);

在尝试了互联网上的多种解决方案后，我没有达到确切的要求。所以我最终编写了自定义实用程序代码。在将来帮助别人。 在swift 4.2上测试

// This function should be called in/after viewDidAppear to let view render
    func addArrowImageToButton(button: UIButton, arrowImage:UIImage = #imageLiteral(resourceName: "my_image_name") ) {
        let btnSize:CGFloat = 32
        let imageView = UIImageView(image: arrowImage)
        let btnFrame = button.frame
        imageView.frame = CGRect(x: btnFrame.width-btnSize-8, y: btnFrame.height/2 - btnSize/2, width: btnSize, height: btnSize)
        button.addSubview(imageView)
        //Imageview on Top of View
        button.bringSubviewToFront(imageView)
    }