我刚刚为你测试了一下，Swift应用程序编译成标准二进制文件，可以在OS X 10.9和iOS 7上运行。

简单的Swift应用程序用于测试:

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

    var controller = UIViewController()
    var view = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 568))
    view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
    controller.view = view

    var label = UILabel(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 21))
    label.center = CGPointMake(160, 284)
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.Center
    label.text = "I'am a test label"
    controller.view.addSubview(label)

    self.window!.rootViewController = controller
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true
}

Swift使用与Objective-C相同的运行时，甚至可以在同一个应用程序中与Objective-C共存(根据WWDC 2014的主题)。

这将需要使用Xcode 6和新的SDK进行检查/验证，以找到最终答案。

我还尝试了10.8上一个非常简单的应用程序(一个按钮，设置标签上的文本)。它在启动时崩溃了，正如Greg Parker所说:

Dyld Error Message:
  Symbol not found: __dispatch_source_type_memorypressure
  Referenced from: /Volumes/*/SwifTest.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/libswiftDispatch.dylib
  Expected in: /usr/lib/libSystem.B.dylib
in /Volumes/*/SwifTest.app/Contents/MacOS/../Frameworks/libswiftDispatch.dylib

(这是使用10.7的部署目标)

这是我从apple Swift博客上读到的一篇文章，可能会有帮助:

应用程序兼容性:

如果你写了一个Swift应用程序，你可以相信你的应用程序将来会工作得很好。事实上，你可以用同样的应用程序回到OS X Mavericks或iOS 7。这是可能的，因为Xcode在你的应用程序包中嵌入了一个小的Swift运行时库。因为这个库是嵌入式的，所以你的应用程序使用了一个一致的Swift版本，可以在过去、现在和未来的操作系统版本上运行。

二进制兼容性和框架:

在确保应用程序的运行时兼容性的同时，Swift语言本身将继续发展，二进制接口也将发生变化。为了安全起见，应用程序的所有组件都应该使用相同版本的Xcode和Swift编译器来构建，以确保它们能够协同工作。

This means that frameworks need to be managed carefully. For instance, if your project uses frameworks to share code with an embedded extension, you will want to build the frameworks, app, and extensions together. It would be dangerous to rely upon binary frameworks that use Swift — especially from third parties. As Swift changes, those frameworks will be incompatible with the rest of your app. When the binary interface stabilizes in a year or two, the Swift runtime will become part of the host OS and this limitation will no longer exist.

由Leandros发布的回答代码片段似乎有点过时。我已经修复并使其在Swift 5中可编译。

斯威夫特5

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.main.bounds)
    let controller = UIViewController()
    let view = UIView(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 320, height: 568))
    view.backgroundColor = UIColor.red
    controller.view = view

    let label = UILabel(frame: CGRect(x: 0, y: 0, width: 200, height: 21))
    label.center = CGPoint(x: 160, y: 284)
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.center
    label.text = "I'am a test label"
    controller.view.addSubview(label)

    self.window!.rootViewController = controller
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true
}

我刚刚为你测试了一下，Swift应用程序编译成标准二进制文件，可以在OS X 10.9和iOS 7上运行。

简单的Swift应用程序用于测试:

func application(application: UIApplication, didFinishLaunchingWithOptions launchOptions: NSDictionary?) -> Bool {
    self.window = UIWindow(frame: UIScreen.mainScreen().bounds)

    var controller = UIViewController()
    var view = UIView(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 320, 568))
    view.backgroundColor = UIColor.redColor()
    controller.view = view

    var label = UILabel(frame: CGRectMake(0, 0, 200, 21))
    label.center = CGPointMake(160, 284)
    label.textAlignment = NSTextAlignment.Center
    label.text = "I'am a test label"
    controller.view.addSubview(label)

    self.window!.rootViewController = controller
    self.window!.makeKeyAndVisible()
    return true
}