索引类型

可以将obj表示为任意值，但这违背了使用typescript的全部目的。obj ={}表示obj是一个对象。把它标记为任何都没有意义。为了实现所需的一致性，可以按照如下方式定义接口。

interface LooseObject {
    [key: string]: any
}

var obj: LooseObject = {};

或使之紧凑:

var obj: {[k: string]: any} = {};

LooseObject可以接受任何字符串作为键，任何类型作为值的字段。

obj.prop = "value";
obj.prop2 = 88;

这个解决方案的真正优雅之处在于，您可以在接口中包含类型安全字段。

interface MyType {
    typesafeProp1?: number,
    requiredProp1: string,
    [key: string]: any
}

var obj: MyType ;
obj = { requiredProp1: "foo"}; // valid
obj = {} // error. 'requiredProp1' is missing
obj.typesafeProp1 = "bar" // error. typesafeProp1 should be a number

obj.prop = "value";
obj.prop2 = 88;

记录<Keys,Type>实用程序类型

更新(2020年8月):@transang在评论中提到了这一点

Record<Keys,Type>是typescript中的Utility类型。对于属性名未知的键-值对，它是一种更简洁的替代方法。 值得注意的是，Record<Keys,Type>是{[k: Keys]: Type}的命名别名，其中Keys和Type是泛型。 在我看来，这一点值得一提

相比较而言,

var obj: {[k: string]: any} = {};

就变成了

var obj: Record<string,any> = {}

MyType现在可以通过扩展Record类型来定义

interface MyType extends Record<string,any> {
    typesafeProp1?: number,
    requiredProp1: string,
}

虽然这回答了最初的问题，但@GreeneCreations的回答可能会从另一个角度来解决这个问题。

当对象具有特定类型时，此解决方案非常有用。比如从其他源获取对象时。

let user: User = new User();
(user as any).otherProperty = 'hello';
//user did not lose its type here.

为了保证类型是Object(即键值对)，使用:

const obj: {[x: string]: any} = {}
obj.prop = 'cool beans'

案例1:

var car = {type: "BMW", model: "i8", color: "white"};
car['owner'] = "ibrahim"; // You can add a property:

案例2:

var car:any = {type: "BMW", model: "i8", color: "white"};
car.owner = "ibrahim"; // You can set a property: use any type

我很惊讶没有一个答案引用Object。赋值，因为这是我在考虑JavaScript中的“组合”时使用的技术。

在TypeScript中，它可以像预期的那样工作:

interface IExisting {
    userName: string
}

interface INewStuff {
    email: string
}

const existingObject: IExisting = {
    userName: "jsmith"
}

const objectWithAllProps: IExisting & INewStuff = Object.assign({}, existingObject, {
    email: "jsmith@someplace.com"
})

console.log(objectWithAllProps.email); // jsmith@someplace.com

优势

始终保持类型安全，因为您根本不需要使用任何类型 使用TypeScript的聚合类型(在声明objectWithAllProps类型时用&表示)，这清楚地表明我们正在动态地(即动态地)组合一个新类型。

需要注意的事情

Object.assign has it's own unique aspects (that are well known to most experienced JS devs) that should be considered when writing TypeScript. It can be used in a mutable fashion, or an immutable manner (I demonstrate the immutable way above, which means that existingObject stays untouched and therefore doesn't have an email property. For most functional-style programmers, that's a good thing since the result is the only new change). Object.assign works the best when you have flatter objects. If you are combining two nested objects that contain nullable properties, you can end up overwriting truthy values with undefined. If you watch out for the order of the Object.assign arguments, you should be fine.

若要保留先前的类型，请将对象临时转换为any

  var obj = {}
  (<any>obj).prop = 5;

新的动态属性只有在使用强制转换时才可用:

  var a = obj.prop; ==> Will generate a compiler error
  var b = (<any>obj).prop; ==> Will assign 5 to b with no error;