我正在寻找插入实体框架的最快方法。
我之所以问这个问题,是因为您有一个活动的TransactionScope,并且插入量很大(4000+)。它可能会持续超过10分钟(事务的默认超时),这将导致事务不完整。
我正在寻找插入实体框架的最快方法。
我之所以问这个问题,是因为您有一个活动的TransactionScope,并且插入量很大(4000+)。它可能会持续超过10分钟(事务的默认超时),这将导致事务不完整。
当前回答
使用SqlBulkCopy:
void BulkInsert(GpsReceiverTrack[] gpsReceiverTracks)
{
if (gpsReceiverTracks == null)
{
throw new ArgumentNullException(nameof(gpsReceiverTracks));
}
DataTable dataTable = new DataTable("GpsReceiverTracks");
dataTable.Columns.Add("ID", typeof(int));
dataTable.Columns.Add("DownloadedTrackID", typeof(int));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Time", typeof(TimeSpan));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Latitude", typeof(double));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Longitude", typeof(double));
dataTable.Columns.Add("Altitude", typeof(double));
for (int i = 0; i < gpsReceiverTracks.Length; i++)
{
dataTable.Rows.Add
(
new object[]
{
gpsReceiverTracks[i].ID,
gpsReceiverTracks[i].DownloadedTrackID,
gpsReceiverTracks[i].Time,
gpsReceiverTracks[i].Latitude,
gpsReceiverTracks[i].Longitude,
gpsReceiverTracks[i].Altitude
}
);
}
string connectionString = (new TeamTrackerEntities()).Database.Connection.ConnectionString;
using (var connection = new SqlConnection(connectionString))
{
connection.Open();
using (var transaction = connection.BeginTransaction())
{
using (var sqlBulkCopy = new SqlBulkCopy(connection, SqlBulkCopyOptions.TableLock, transaction))
{
sqlBulkCopy.DestinationTableName = dataTable.TableName;
foreach (DataColumn column in dataTable.Columns)
{
sqlBulkCopy.ColumnMappings.Add(column.ColumnName, column.ColumnName);
}
sqlBulkCopy.WriteToServer(dataTable);
}
transaction.Commit();
}
}
return;
}
其他回答
[POSTGRESQL的新解决方案]嘿,我知道这是一篇很老的文章,但我最近遇到了类似的问题,但我们使用的是Postgresql。我想使用有效的膨胀剂,但结果很难。我在这个数据库上找不到合适的免费库。我只找到了这个助手:https://bytefish.de/blog/postgresql_bulk_insert/也在Nuget上。我编写了一个小映射器,它以实体框架的方式自动映射财产:
public static PostgreSQLCopyHelper<T> CreateHelper<T>(string schemaName, string tableName)
{
var helper = new PostgreSQLCopyHelper<T>("dbo", "\"" + tableName + "\"");
var properties = typeof(T).GetProperties();
foreach(var prop in properties)
{
var type = prop.PropertyType;
if (Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(KeyAttribute)) || Attribute.IsDefined(prop, typeof(ForeignKeyAttribute)))
continue;
switch (type)
{
case Type intType when intType == typeof(int) || intType == typeof(int?):
{
helper = helper.MapInteger("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (int?)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
case Type stringType when stringType == typeof(string):
{
helper = helper.MapText("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (string)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
case Type dateType when dateType == typeof(DateTime) || dateType == typeof(DateTime?):
{
helper = helper.MapTimeStamp("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (DateTime?)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
case Type decimalType when decimalType == typeof(decimal) || decimalType == typeof(decimal?):
{
helper = helper.MapMoney("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (decimal?)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
case Type doubleType when doubleType == typeof(double) || doubleType == typeof(double?):
{
helper = helper.MapDouble("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (double?)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
case Type floatType when floatType == typeof(float) || floatType == typeof(float?):
{
helper = helper.MapReal("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (float?)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
case Type guidType when guidType == typeof(Guid):
{
helper = helper.MapUUID("\"" + prop.Name + "\"", x => (Guid)typeof(T).GetProperty(prop.Name).GetValue(x, null));
break;
}
}
}
return helper;
}
我使用它的方式如下(我有一个名为“承诺”的实体):
var undertakingHelper = BulkMapper.CreateHelper<Model.Undertaking>("dbo", nameof(Model.Undertaking));
undertakingHelper.SaveAll(transaction.UnderlyingTransaction.Connection as Npgsql.NpgsqlConnection, undertakingsToAdd));
我展示了一个事务的示例,但它也可以通过从上下文中检索到的正常连接来完成。undertakingsToAdd是普通实体记录的枚举,我想将其批量插入数据库。
这个解决方案,我经过几个小时的研究和尝试后得到的,正如你所期望的那样,速度更快,最终易于使用和免费!我真的建议你使用这个解决方案,不仅因为上面提到的原因,而且因为它是唯一一个我对Postgresql本身没有问题的解决方案,许多其他解决方案都可以完美地工作,例如SqlServer。
对于您在问题评论中的评论:
“…保存更改(每个记录)。。。"
这是你能做的最糟糕的事情!对每个记录调用SaveChanges()会大大降低批量插入的速度。我会做一些简单的测试,这很可能会提高性能:
在所有记录后调用SaveChanges()一次。例如,在100条记录之后调用SaveChanges()。例如,在100条记录之后调用SaveChanges(),并释放上下文并创建新的上下文。禁用更改检测
对于批量插入,我正在使用这样的模式进行工作和试验:
using (TransactionScope scope = new TransactionScope())
{
MyDbContext context = null;
try
{
context = new MyDbContext();
context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
int count = 0;
foreach (var entityToInsert in someCollectionOfEntitiesToInsert)
{
++count;
context = AddToContext(context, entityToInsert, count, 100, true);
}
context.SaveChanges();
}
finally
{
if (context != null)
context.Dispose();
}
scope.Complete();
}
private MyDbContext AddToContext(MyDbContext context,
Entity entity, int count, int commitCount, bool recreateContext)
{
context.Set<Entity>().Add(entity);
if (count % commitCount == 0)
{
context.SaveChanges();
if (recreateContext)
{
context.Dispose();
context = new MyDbContext();
context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
}
}
return context;
}
我有一个测试程序,它将560.000个实体(9个标量财产,没有导航财产)插入数据库。使用此代码,它只需不到3分钟即可工作。
为了提高性能,在“许多”记录之后调用SaveChanges()非常重要(“许多”约为100或1000)。它还提高了在SaveChanges之后释放上下文并创建新上下文的性能。这将从所有实体中清除上下文,SaveChanges不会这样做,实体仍然以状态Unchanged附加到上下文。正是由于上下文中附加实体的大小不断增加,才导致插入过程一步步变慢。因此,在一段时间后清除它是有帮助的。
以下是我的560000个实体的一些测量值:
commitCount=1,recreateContext=false:许多小时(这是您当前的过程)commitCount=100,recreateContext=false:超过20分钟commitCount=1000,recreateContext=false:242秒commitCount=10000,recreateContext=false:202秒commitCount=100000,recreateContext=false:199秒commitCount=1000000,recreateContext=false:内存不足异常commitCount=1,recreateContext=true:超过10分钟commitCount=10,recreateContext=true:241秒commitCount=100,recreateContext=true:164秒commitCount=1000,recreateContext=true:191秒
上述第一个测试中的行为是,性能非常非线性,并且随着时间的推移会大大降低。(“很多小时”是一个估计,我从未完成过这项测试,20分钟后我停在了50000个实体。)这种非线性行为在所有其他测试中都不那么重要。
秘密是插入到相同的空白暂存表中。插件快速发光。然后在主大表中运行一个单独的插入。然后截断临时表,为下一批做好准备。
ie.
insert into some_staging_table using Entity Framework.
-- Single insert into main table (this could be a tiny stored proc call)
insert into some_main_already_large_table (columns...)
select (columns...) from some_staging_table
truncate table some_staging_table
我对上面的@Slauma示例进行了一个通用扩展;
public static class DataExtensions
{
public static DbContext AddToContext<T>(this DbContext context, object entity, int count, int commitCount, bool recreateContext, Func<DbContext> contextCreator)
{
context.Set(typeof(T)).Add((T)entity);
if (count % commitCount == 0)
{
context.SaveChanges();
if (recreateContext)
{
context.Dispose();
context = contextCreator.Invoke();
context.Configuration.AutoDetectChangesEnabled = false;
}
}
return context;
}
}
用法:
public void AddEntities(List<YourEntity> entities)
{
using (var transactionScope = new TransactionScope())
{
DbContext context = new YourContext();
int count = 0;
foreach (var entity in entities)
{
++count;
context = context.AddToContext<TenancyNote>(entity, count, 100, true,
() => new YourContext());
}
context.SaveChanges();
transactionScope.Complete();
}
}
如果您添加的实体()依赖于上下文中的其他预加载实体(例如导航财产),则Dispose()上下文会产生问题
我使用类似的概念来保持我的上下文较小,以实现相同的性能
但我只是分离已经SaveChanges()的实体,而不是Dispose()上下文并重新创建
public void AddAndSave<TEntity>(List<TEntity> entities) where TEntity : class {
const int CommitCount = 1000; //set your own best performance number here
int currentCount = 0;
while (currentCount < entities.Count())
{
//make sure it don't commit more than the entities you have
int commitCount = CommitCount;
if ((entities.Count - currentCount) < commitCount)
commitCount = entities.Count - currentCount;
//e.g. Add entities [ i = 0 to 999, 1000 to 1999, ... , n to n+999... ] to conext
for (int i = currentCount; i < (currentCount + commitCount); i++)
_context.Entry(entities[i]).State = System.Data.EntityState.Added;
//same as calling _context.Set<TEntity>().Add(entities[i]);
//commit entities[n to n+999] to database
_context.SaveChanges();
//detach all entities in the context that committed to database
//so it won't overload the context
for (int i = currentCount; i < (currentCount + commitCount); i++)
_context.Entry(entities[i]).State = System.Data.EntityState.Detached;
currentCount += commitCount;
} }
如果需要,用try-catch和TrasactionScope()将其包装起来,为了保持代码干净,没有在这里显示它们