我想要一个5个字符的字符串,由从集合[a-zA-Z0-9]中随机选取的字符组成。

用JavaScript实现这一点的最佳方法是什么?


当前回答

function randomString (strLength, charSet) {
    var result = [];
    
    strLength = strLength || 5;
    charSet = charSet || 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';
    
    while (strLength--) { // (note, fixed typo)
        result.push(charSet.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * charSet.length)));
    }
    
    return result.join('');
}

这是最干净的了。它也很快,http://jsperf.com/ay-random-string.

其他回答

例如,如果你想要一个随机的DNA序列,你可以循环遍历一个项目数组并递归地将它们添加到字符串变量中:

功能随机DNA(len){len=长度||100var nuc=新阵列(“A”、“T”、“C”、“G”)变量i=0变量n=0s=“”而(i<=len-1){n=数学楼层(Math.random()*4)s+=努克[n]我++}返回s}console.log(随机DNA(5));

如果您使用的是Lodash或Undercore,那么非常简单:

var randomVal = _.sample('ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789', 5).join('');

为后代发布ES6兼容版本。如果这是多次调用,请确保将.length值存储到常量变量中。

// USAGE:
//      RandomString(5);
//      RandomString(5, 'all');
//      RandomString(5, 'characters', '0123456789');
const RandomString = (length, style = 'frictionless', characters = '') => {
    const Styles = {
        'all':          allCharacters,
        'frictionless': frictionless,
        'characters':   provided
    }

    let result              = '';
    const allCharacters     = 'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789';
    const frictionless      = 'ABCDEFGHJKMNPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghjkmnpqrstuvwxyz23456789';
    const provided          = characters;

    const generate = (set) => {
        return set.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * set.length));
    };

    for ( let i = 0; i < length; i++ ) {
        switch(Styles[style]) {
            case Styles.all:
                result += generate(allCharacters);
                break;
            case Styles.frictionless:
                result += generate(frictionless);
                break;
            case Styles.characters:
                result += generate(provided);
                break;
        }
    }
    return result;
}

export default RandomString;

//返回随机字母

let alpha = "ABCDEFGHIGKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ";
console.log(alpha.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * alpha.length)));

一行使用地图,可以完全控制长度和字符。

const rnd = (len, chars='ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz0123456789') => [...Array(len)].map(() => chars.charAt(Math.floor(Math.random() * chars.length))).join('')

console.log(rnd(12))