我想要一个5个字符的字符串,由从集合[a-zA-Z0-9]中随机选取的字符组成。

用JavaScript实现这一点的最佳方法是什么?


当前回答

没有最好的方法可以做到这一点。只要结果符合您的要求,您可以选择任何方式。为了说明,我创建了许多不同的示例,所有这些示例都应该提供相同的最终结果

本页上的大多数其他答案忽略了大写字符要求。

这是我最快、最易读的解决方案。它基本上与公认的解决方案相同,只是速度稍快。

function readableRandomStringMaker(length) {
  for (var s=''; s.length < length; s += 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789'.charAt(Math.random()*62|0));
  return s;
}
console.log(readableRandomStringMaker(length));
// e3cbN

这是一个紧凑的递归版本,可读性差得多:

const compactRandomStringMaker = (length) => length-- && "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".charAt(Math.random()*62|0) + (compactRandomStringMaker(length)||"");
console.log(compactRandomStringMaker(5));
// DVudj

更紧凑的单层衬里:

Array(5).fill().map(()=>"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".charAt(Math.random()*62)).join("")
// 12oEZ

上述内容的变体:

"     ".replaceAll(" ",()=>"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".charAt(Math.random()*62))

最紧凑的一行程序,但效率低且不可读-它添加随机字符并删除非法字符,直到长度为l:

((l,f=(p='')=>p.length<l?f(p+String.fromCharCode(Math.random()*123).replace(/[^a-z0-9]/i,'')):p)=>f())(5)

一个加密安全的版本,这是为了紧凑而浪费熵,并且是一种浪费,因为生成的字符串很短:

[...crypto.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(999))].map((c)=>String.fromCharCode(c).replace(/[^a-z0-9]/i,'')).join("").substr(0,5)
// 8fzPq

或者,如果没有长度参数,它甚至更短:

((f=(p='')=>p.length<5?f(p+String.fromCharCode(Math.random()*123).replace(/[^a-z0-9]/i,'')):p)=>f())()
// EV6c9

然后更具挑战性——使用无名递归箭头函数:

((l,s=((l)=>l--&&"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".charAt(Math.random()*62|0)+(s(l)||""))) => s(l))(5);
// qzal4

这是一个“神奇”变量,每次访问它时都会提供一个随机字符:

const c = new class { [Symbol.toPrimitive]() { return "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".charAt(Math.random()*62|0) } };
console.log(c+c+c+c+c);
// AgMnz

上述更简单的变体:

const c=()=>"abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789".charAt(Math.random()*62|0);
c()+c()+c()+c()+c();
// 6Qadw

其他回答

这是我创建的方法。它将创建一个包含大小写字符的字符串。此外,我还包含了将创建字母数字字符串的函数。

工作示例:http://jsfiddle.net/greatbigmassive/vhsxs/(仅限alpha)http://jsfiddle.net/greatbigmassive/PJwg8/(字母数字)

function randString(x){
    var s = "";
    while(s.length<x&&x>0){
        var r = Math.random();
        s+= String.fromCharCode(Math.floor(r*26) + (r>0.5?97:65));
    }
    return s;
}

2015年7月升级这做了同样的事情,但更有意义,包括所有字母。

var s = "";
while(s.length<x&&x>0){
    v = Math.random()<0.5?32:0;
    s += String.fromCharCode(Math.round(Math.random()*((122-v)-(97-v))+(97-v)));
}
function generate(length) {
  var letters = ["a","b","c","d","e","f","g","h","i","j","k","l","m","n","o","p","q","r","s","t","u","v","w","x","y","z","A","B","C","D","E","F","G","H","I","J","K","L","M","N","O","P","Q","R","S","T","U","V","W","X","Y","Z","0","1","2","3","4","5","6","7","8","9"];
  var IDtext = "";
  var i = 0;
  while (i < length) {
    var letterIndex = Math.floor(Math.random() * letters.length);
    var letter = letters[letterIndex];
    IDtext = IDtext + letter;
    i++;
  }
  console.log(IDtext)
}

在下面的代码中,我正在生成8个字符的随机代码

function RandomUnique(){
                    var charBank = "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ012346789";
                    var random= '';
                    var howmanycharacters = 8;
                    for (var i = 0; i < howmanycharacters ; i++) {
                        random+= charBank[parseInt(Math.random() * charBank.lenght)];
                    }
                    return random;
                }
        var random = RandomUnique();
        console.log(random);

一个衬垫[a-z]:

String.fromCharCode(97 + Math.floor(Math.random() * 26))

随机数值(最多16位)

/**
 * Random numeric value (up to 16 digits)
 * @returns {String}
 */
function randomUid () {
  return String(Math.floor(Math.random() * 9e15))
}

// randomUid() -> "3676724552601324"