我发现了一个我还没有在其他地方见过的解决方案。你可以使用一个自定义应用程序对象，它知道你是否有后台任务在进行，而不是试图在活动中做这件事，在方向改变时被销毁和重新创建。我在这里写过博客。

最初的问题是代码无法在屏幕方向改变时存活下来。显然，这是“解决”的程序处理屏幕方向变化本身，而不是让UI框架做它(通过调用onDestroy)。

I would submit that if the underlying problem is that the program will not survive onDestroy(), then the accepted solution is just a workaround that leaves the program with serious other problems and vulnerabilities. Remember that the Android framework specifically states that your activity is at risk for being destroyed almost at any time due to circumstances outside your control. Therefore, your activity must be able to survive onDestroy() and subsequent onCreate() for any reason, not just a screen orientation change.

如果你要接受自己处理屏幕方向变化来解决OP的问题，你需要验证onDestroy()的其他原因不会导致相同的错误。你能做到吗?如果不是，我会质疑这个“公认的”答案是否真的是一个很好的答案。

将长任务移动到单独的类中。将其实现为主题-观察者模式。每当创建活动时，注册并在关闭时注销任务类。任务类可以使用AsyncTask。

编辑:谷歌工程师不推荐这种方法，正如Dianne Hackborn(又名hackbod)在StackOverflow的帖子中所描述的那样。查看这篇博客文章了解更多信息。

你必须把这个添加到manifest中的activity声明中:

android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize"

看起来是这样的

<activity android:label="@string/app_name" 
        android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden" 
        android:name=".your.package">

问题是，当配置发生更改时，系统将破坏活动。看到ConfigurationChanges。

所以把它放在配置文件中可以避免系统破坏你的活动。相反，它调用onConfigurationChanged(Configuration)方法。

我尝试执行jfelectron的解决方案，因为它是“解决这些问题的坚如磐石的解决方案，符合‘Android方式’”，但我花了一些时间来查找并整合所有提到的元素。最终得到了这个略有不同的，我认为更优雅的解决方案，完整地贴在这里。

使用从活动中触发的IntentService在单独的线程上执行长时间运行的任务。该服务向更新对话框的活动发出sticky Broadcast intent。Activity使用showDialog()， onCreateDialog()和onPrepareDialog()来消除在应用程序对象或savedInstanceState包中传递持久化数据的需要。无论应用程序如何中断，这都应该工作。

活动类:

public class TesterActivity extends Activity {
private ProgressDialog mProgressDialog;
private static final int PROGRESS_DIALOG = 0;

@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
    super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
    setContentView(R.layout.main);

    Button b = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.test_button);
    b.setOnClickListener(new OnClickListener() {
        public void onClick(View v) {
            buttonClick();
        }
    });
}

private void buttonClick(){
    clearPriorBroadcast();
    showDialog(PROGRESS_DIALOG);
    Intent svc = new Intent(this, MyService.class);
    startService(svc);
}

protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
    switch(id) {
    case PROGRESS_DIALOG:
        mProgressDialog = new ProgressDialog(TesterActivity.this);
        mProgressDialog.setProgressStyle(ProgressDialog.STYLE_HORIZONTAL);
        mProgressDialog.setMax(MyService.MAX_COUNTER);
        mProgressDialog.setMessage("Processing...");
        return mProgressDialog;
    default:
        return null;
    }
}

@Override
protected void onPrepareDialog(int id, Dialog dialog) {
    switch(id) {
    case PROGRESS_DIALOG:
        // setup a broadcast receiver to receive update events from the long running process
        IntentFilter filter = new IntentFilter();
        filter.addAction(MyService.BG_PROCESS_INTENT);
        registerReceiver(new MyBroadcastReceiver(), filter);
        break;
    }
}

public class MyBroadcastReceiver extends BroadcastReceiver{
    @Override
    public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {
        if (intent.hasExtra(MyService.KEY_COUNTER)){
            int count = intent.getIntExtra(MyService.KEY_COUNTER, 0);
            mProgressDialog.setProgress(count);
            if (count >= MyService.MAX_COUNTER){
                dismissDialog(PROGRESS_DIALOG);
            }
        }
    }
}

/*
 * Sticky broadcasts persist and any prior broadcast will trigger in the 
 * broadcast receiver as soon as it is registered.
 * To clear any prior broadcast this code sends a blank broadcast to clear 
 * the last sticky broadcast.
 * This broadcast has no extras it will be ignored in the broadcast receiver 
 * setup in onPrepareDialog()
 */
private void clearPriorBroadcast(){
    Intent broadcastIntent = new Intent();
    broadcastIntent.setAction(MyService.BG_PROCESS_INTENT);
    sendStickyBroadcast(broadcastIntent);
}}

IntentService经济舱:

public class MyService extends IntentService {

public static final String BG_PROCESS_INTENT = "com.mindspiker.Tester.MyService.TEST";
public static final String KEY_COUNTER = "counter";
public static final int MAX_COUNTER = 100;

public MyService() {
  super("");
}

@Override
protected void onHandleIntent(Intent intent) {
    for (int i = 0; i <= MAX_COUNTER; i++) {
        Log.e("Service Example", " " + i);
        try {
            Thread.sleep(100);
        } catch (InterruptedException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

        Intent broadcastIntent = new Intent();
        broadcastIntent.setAction(BG_PROCESS_INTENT);
        broadcastIntent.putExtra(KEY_COUNTER, i);
        sendStickyBroadcast(broadcastIntent);
    }
}}

清单文件条目:

应用前部分:

uses-permission android:name="com.mindspiker.Tester.MyService.TEST"
uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BROADCAST_STICKY"

应用程序内部部分

service android:name=".MyService"

如果你维护两个布局，所有的UI线程都应该终止。

如果你使用AsynTask，那么你可以很容易地在当前活动的onDestroy()方法中调用.cancel()方法。

@Override
protected void onDestroy (){
    removeDialog(DIALOG_LOGIN_ID); // remove loading dialog
    if (loginTask != null){
        if (loginTask.getStatus() != AsyncTask.Status.FINISHED)
            loginTask.cancel(true); //cancel AsyncTask
    }
    super.onDestroy();
}

对于AsyncTask，请在“取消任务”部分阅读更多信息。

更新: 增加了检查状态的条件，因为只有当它处于运行状态时才能取消。 还要注意，AsyncTask只能执行一次。