我的程序在后台线程中执行一些网络活动。在开始之前,它会弹出一个进度对话框。该对话框在处理程序上被解除。这一切都很好,除了当对话框打开时屏幕方向发生变化(背景线程正在运行)。此时,应用程序要么崩溃,要么死锁,要么进入一个奇怪的阶段,在所有线程被杀死之前,应用程序根本无法工作。

我如何处理屏幕方向的变化优雅?

下面的示例代码大致匹配我的实际程序:

public class MyAct extends Activity implements Runnable {
    public ProgressDialog mProgress;

    // UI has a button that when pressed calls send

    public void send() {
         mProgress = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Please wait", 
                      "Please wait", 
                      true, true);
        Thread thread = new Thread(this);
        thread.start();
    }

    public void run() {
        Thread.sleep(10000);
        Message msg = new Message();
        mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
    }

    private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
        @Override
        public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
            mProgress.dismiss();
        }
    };
}

栈:

E/WindowManager(  244): Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager(  244): android.view.WindowLeaked: Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.ViewRoot.<init>(ViewRoot.java:178)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:147)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:90)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.Window$LocalWindowManager.addView(Window.java:393)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:212)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:103)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:91)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at MyAct.send(MyAct.java:294)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at MyAct$4.onClick(MyAct.java:174)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2129)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.onTouchEvent(View.java:3543)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.widget.TextView.onTouchEvent(TextView.java:4664)
E/WindowManager(  244):     at android.view.View.dispatchTouchEvent(View.java:3198)

我已经尝试在onSaveInstanceState中取消进度对话框,但这只是防止了立即崩溃。背景线程仍在运行,UI处于部分绘制状态。需要在它重新开始工作之前杀死整个应用程序。


当前回答

这是我面对这个问题时的解决方案: ProgressDialog不是一个Fragment子,所以我的自定义类“ProgressDialogFragment”可以扩展DialogFragment,以保持对话框显示的配置更改。

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.os.Bundle; 
import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;

 /**
 * Usage:
 * To display the dialog:
 *     >>> ProgressDialogFragment.showProgressDialogFragment(
 *              getSupportFragmentManager(), 
 *              "fragment_tag", 
 *              "my dialog title", 
 *              "my dialog message");
 *              
 * To hide the dialog
 *     >>> ProgressDialogFragment.hideProgressDialogFragment();
 */ 


public class ProgressDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private static String sTitle, sMessage;
    private static ProgressDialogFragment sProgressDialogFragment;

    public ProgressDialogFragment() {
    }

    private ProgressDialogFragment(String title, String message) {
        sTitle = title;
        sMessage = message;
    }


    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return ProgressDialog.show(getActivity(), sTitle, sMessage);
    }

    public static void showProgressDialogFragment(FragmentManager fragmentManager, String fragmentTag, String title, String message) {
        if (sProgressDialogFragment == null) {
            sProgressDialogFragment = new ProgressDialogFragment(title, message);
            sProgressDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, fragmentTag);

        } else { // case of config change (device rotation)
            sProgressDialogFragment = (ProgressDialogFragment) fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(fragmentTag); // sProgressDialogFragment will try to survive its state on configuration as much as it can, but when calling .dismiss() it returns NPE, so we have to reset it on each config change
            sTitle = title;
            sMessage = message;
        }

    }

    public static void hideProgressDialogFragment() {
        if (sProgressDialogFragment != null) {
            sProgressDialogFragment.dismiss();
        }
    }
}

我们面临的挑战是在屏幕上保留对话框标题和消息 当它们重置为默认空字符串时旋转,尽管对话框仍然显示

有两种方法可以解决这个问题:

第一种方法: 使利用对话框的活动在manifest文件中的配置更改期间保留状态:

android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden"

谷歌不喜欢此方法。

第二种方法: 在活动的onCreate()方法上,如果savedInstanceState不为空,你需要通过重新构建ProgressDialogFragment来保留你的对话片段。

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_deal);

 if (savedInstanceState != null) {
      ProgressDialogFragment saveProgressDialog = (ProgressDialogFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
              .findFragmentByTag("fragment_tag");
      if (saveProgressDialog != null) {
          showProgressDialogFragment(getSupportFragmentManager(), "fragment_tag", "my dialog title", "my dialog message");
      }
  }
}

其他回答

这是一个非常古老的问题,出于某种原因出现在侧栏上。

如果后台任务只需要在活动处于前台时存活,“新的”解决方案是在保留的片段中托管后台线程(或者,最好是AsyncTask),如本开发指南和大量q&a中所述。

如果活动因配置更改而被销毁,则保留的片段将继续存在,但当活动在后台或后台堆栈中被销毁时则不存在。因此,如果onPause()中的isChangingConfigurations()为false,后台任务仍然应该被中断。

如果你创建了一个后台服务来完成所有繁重的工作(tcp请求/响应,解组),视图和活动可以被销毁并重新创建,而不会泄漏窗口或丢失数据。这允许Android推荐的行为,即在每次配置更改时销毁一个Activity。对于每个方向变化)。

它有点复杂,但它是调用服务器请求、数据预处理/后处理等的最佳方式。

您甚至可以使用您的服务将每个请求排队到服务器,因此它使处理这些事情变得简单和高效。

开发指南有一个关于服务的完整章节。

诀窍是在onPreExecute/onPostExecute期间像往常一样在AsyncTask中显示/解散对话框,尽管在方向改变的情况下,在活动中创建/显示一个对话框的新实例,并将其引用传递给任务。

public class MainActivity extends Activity {
    private Button mButton;
    private MyTask mTask = null;

    @Override
    public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.main);

        MyTask task = (MyTask) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
        if(task != null){
            mTask = task;
            mTask.mContext = this;
            mTask.mDialog = ProgressDialog.show(this, "", "", true);        
        }

        mButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.button1);
        mButton.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener(){
            public void onClick(View v){
                mTask = new MyTask(MainActivity.this);
                mTask.execute();
            }
        });
    }


    @Override
    public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
        String str = "null";
        if(mTask != null){
            str = mTask.toString();
            mTask.mDialog.dismiss();
        }
        Toast.makeText(this, str, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
        return mTask;
    }



    private class MyTask extends AsyncTask<Void, Void, Void>{
        private ProgressDialog mDialog;
        private MainActivity mContext;


        public MyTask(MainActivity context){
            super();
            mContext = context;
        }


        protected void onPreExecute() {
            mDialog = ProgressDialog.show(MainActivity.this, "", "", true);
        }

        protected void onPostExecute(Void result) {
            mContext.mTask = null;
            mDialog.dismiss();
        }


        @Override
        protected Void doInBackground(Void... params) {
            SystemClock.sleep(5000);
            return null;
        }       
    }
}

我发现了一个更容易的解决方案来处理线程时,方向改变。你可以只保留一个静态引用到你的活动/片段,并在对ui进行操作之前验证它是否为空。我建议使用try catch:

 public class DashListFragment extends Fragment {
     private static DashListFragment ACTIVE_INSTANCE;

     @Override
     public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);

        ACTIVE_INSTANCE = this;

        new Handler().postDelayed(new Runnable() {
            public void run() {
                try {
                        if (ACTIVE_INSTANCE != null) {
                            setAdapter(); // this method do something on ui or use context
                        }
                }
                catch (Exception e) {}


            }
        }, 1500l);

    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();

        ACTIVE_INSTANCE = null;
    }


}

这是我面对这个问题时的解决方案: ProgressDialog不是一个Fragment子,所以我的自定义类“ProgressDialogFragment”可以扩展DialogFragment,以保持对话框显示的配置更改。

import androidx.annotation.NonNull;
import android.app.Dialog;
import android.app.ProgressDialog;
import android.os.Bundle; 
import androidx.fragment.app.DialogFragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;

 /**
 * Usage:
 * To display the dialog:
 *     >>> ProgressDialogFragment.showProgressDialogFragment(
 *              getSupportFragmentManager(), 
 *              "fragment_tag", 
 *              "my dialog title", 
 *              "my dialog message");
 *              
 * To hide the dialog
 *     >>> ProgressDialogFragment.hideProgressDialogFragment();
 */ 


public class ProgressDialogFragment extends DialogFragment {

    private static String sTitle, sMessage;
    private static ProgressDialogFragment sProgressDialogFragment;

    public ProgressDialogFragment() {
    }

    private ProgressDialogFragment(String title, String message) {
        sTitle = title;
        sMessage = message;
    }


    @NonNull
    @Override
    public Dialog onCreateDialog(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        return ProgressDialog.show(getActivity(), sTitle, sMessage);
    }

    public static void showProgressDialogFragment(FragmentManager fragmentManager, String fragmentTag, String title, String message) {
        if (sProgressDialogFragment == null) {
            sProgressDialogFragment = new ProgressDialogFragment(title, message);
            sProgressDialogFragment.show(fragmentManager, fragmentTag);

        } else { // case of config change (device rotation)
            sProgressDialogFragment = (ProgressDialogFragment) fragmentManager.findFragmentByTag(fragmentTag); // sProgressDialogFragment will try to survive its state on configuration as much as it can, but when calling .dismiss() it returns NPE, so we have to reset it on each config change
            sTitle = title;
            sMessage = message;
        }

    }

    public static void hideProgressDialogFragment() {
        if (sProgressDialogFragment != null) {
            sProgressDialogFragment.dismiss();
        }
    }
}

我们面临的挑战是在屏幕上保留对话框标题和消息 当它们重置为默认空字符串时旋转,尽管对话框仍然显示

有两种方法可以解决这个问题:

第一种方法: 使利用对话框的活动在manifest文件中的配置更改期间保留状态:

android:configChanges="orientation|screenSize|keyboardHidden"

谷歌不喜欢此方法。

第二种方法: 在活动的onCreate()方法上,如果savedInstanceState不为空,你需要通过重新构建ProgressDialogFragment来保留你的对话片段。

@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
 super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
 setContentView(R.layout.activity_deal);

 if (savedInstanceState != null) {
      ProgressDialogFragment saveProgressDialog = (ProgressDialogFragment) getSupportFragmentManager()
              .findFragmentByTag("fragment_tag");
      if (saveProgressDialog != null) {
          showProgressDialogFragment(getSupportFragmentManager(), "fragment_tag", "my dialog title", "my dialog message");
      }
  }
}