我的程序在后台线程中执行一些网络活动。在开始之前,它会弹出一个进度对话框。该对话框在处理程序上被解除。这一切都很好,除了当对话框打开时屏幕方向发生变化(背景线程正在运行)。此时,应用程序要么崩溃,要么死锁,要么进入一个奇怪的阶段,在所有线程被杀死之前,应用程序根本无法工作。
我如何处理屏幕方向的变化优雅?
下面的示例代码大致匹配我的实际程序:
public class MyAct extends Activity implements Runnable {
public ProgressDialog mProgress;
// UI has a button that when pressed calls send
public void send() {
mProgress = ProgressDialog.show(this, "Please wait",
"Please wait",
true, true);
Thread thread = new Thread(this);
thread.start();
}
public void run() {
Thread.sleep(10000);
Message msg = new Message();
mHandler.sendMessage(msg);
}
private final Handler mHandler = new Handler() {
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
mProgress.dismiss();
}
};
}
栈:
E/WindowManager( 244): Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager( 244): android.view.WindowLeaked: Activity MyAct has leaked window com.android.internal.policy.impl.PhoneWindow$DecorView@433b7150 that was originally added here
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.ViewRoot.<init>(ViewRoot.java:178)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:147)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.WindowManagerImpl.addView(WindowManagerImpl.java:90)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.Window$LocalWindowManager.addView(Window.java:393)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.app.Dialog.show(Dialog.java:212)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:103)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.app.ProgressDialog.show(ProgressDialog.java:91)
E/WindowManager( 244): at MyAct.send(MyAct.java:294)
E/WindowManager( 244): at MyAct$4.onClick(MyAct.java:174)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:2129)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.View.onTouchEvent(View.java:3543)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.widget.TextView.onTouchEvent(TextView.java:4664)
E/WindowManager( 244): at android.view.View.dispatchTouchEvent(View.java:3198)
我已经尝试在onSaveInstanceState中取消进度对话框,但这只是防止了立即崩溃。背景线程仍在运行,UI处于部分绘制状态。需要在它重新开始工作之前杀死整个应用程序。
我也遇到过同样的问题。我的活动需要从一个URL解析一些数据,它很慢。所以我创建了一个线程来完成这个任务,然后显示一个进度对话框。当线程完成时,我让线程通过处理程序发布消息回UI线程。在处理程序。handleMessage,我从线程获得数据对象(现在准备好了),并将其填充到UI。这和你的例子很相似。
经过反复试验,我似乎找到了解决办法。至少现在我可以在任何时候旋转屏幕,在线程完成之前或之后。在所有测试中,对话框都是正确关闭的,所有行为都符合预期。
我所做的如下所示。目标是填充我的数据模型(mDataObject),然后将其填充到UI。应该允许屏幕旋转在任何时候没有意外。
class MyActivity {
private MyDataObject mDataObject = null;
private static MyThread mParserThread = null; // static, or make it singleton
OnCreate() {
...
Object retained = this.getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
if(retained != null) {
// data is already completely obtained before config change
// by my previous self.
// no need to create thread or show dialog at all
mDataObject = (MyDataObject) retained;
populateUI();
} else if(mParserThread != null && mParserThread.isAlive()){
// note: mParserThread is a static member or singleton object.
// config changed during parsing in previous instance. swap handler
// then wait for it to finish.
mParserThread.setHandler(new MyHandler());
} else {
// no data and no thread. likely initial run
// create thread, show dialog
mParserThread = new MyThread(..., new MyHandler());
mParserThread.start();
showDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
}
}
// http://android-developers.blogspot.com/2009/02/faster-screen-orientation-change.html
public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
// my future self can get this without re-downloading
// if it's already ready.
return mDataObject;
}
// use Activity.showDialog instead of ProgressDialog.show
// so the dialog can be automatically managed across config change
@Override
protected Dialog onCreateDialog(int id) {
// show progress dialog here
}
// inner class of MyActivity
private class MyHandler extends Handler {
public void handleMessage(msg) {
mDataObject = mParserThread.getDataObject();
populateUI();
dismissDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
}
}
}
class MyThread extends Thread {
Handler mHandler;
MyDataObject mDataObject;
// constructor with handler param
public MyHandler(..., Handler h) {
...
mHandler = h;
}
public void setHandler(Handler h) { mHandler = h; } // for handler swapping after config change
public MyDataObject getDataObject() { return mDataObject; } // return data object (completed) to caller
public void run() {
mDataObject = new MyDataObject();
// do the lengthy task to fill mDataObject with data
lengthyTask(mDataObject);
// done. notify activity
mHandler.sendEmptyMessage(0); // tell activity: i'm ready. come pick up the data.
}
}
这对我来说很有效。我不知道这是否是Android设计的“正确”方法——他们声称这种“在屏幕旋转期间破坏/重建活动”实际上使事情变得更简单,所以我猜这应该不是太棘手。
如果您在我的代码中发现问题,请告诉我。如上所述,我真的不知道是否有任何副作用。
我有一个实现,允许活动在屏幕方向改变上被销毁,但仍然在重新创建的活动中成功地销毁对话框。
我用…NonConfigurationInstance将后台任务附加到重新创建的活动。
正常的Android框架处理重新创建对话框本身,没有任何改变。
我子类化了AsyncTask,为“拥有”活动添加了一个字段,以及一个更新这个所有者的方法。
class MyBackgroundTask extends AsyncTask<...> {
MyBackgroundTask (Activity a, ...) {
super();
this.ownerActivity = a;
}
public void attach(Activity a) {
ownerActivity = a;
}
protected void onPostExecute(Integer result) {
super.onPostExecute(result);
ownerActivity.dismissDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
}
...
}
在我的活动类中,我添加了一个字段backgroundTask引用'owned' backgroundTask,我使用onRetainNonConfigurationInstance和getLastNonConfigurationInstance更新这个字段。
class MyActivity extends Activity {
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
...
if (getLastNonConfigurationInstance() != null) {
backgroundTask = (MyBackgroundTask) getLastNonConfigurationInstance();
backgroundTask.attach(this);
}
}
void startBackgroundTask() {
backgroundTask = new MyBackgroundTask(this, ...);
showDialog(DIALOG_PROGRESS);
backgroundTask.execute(...);
}
public Object onRetainNonConfigurationInstance() {
if (backgroundTask != null && backgroundTask.getStatus() != Status.FINISHED)
return backgroundTask;
return null;
}
...
}
进一步改进建议:
在任务完成后,清除活动中的backgroundTask引用以释放与之关联的所有内存或其他资源。
在活动被销毁之前,清除后台任务中的ownerActivity引用,以防它不会立即被重新创建。
创建一个BackgroundTask接口和/或集合,以允许不同类型的任务从相同的活动中运行。
对于这些问题,我想出了一个坚如磐石的解决方案,它符合“Android方式”。我使用IntentService模式进行所有长时间运行的操作。
也就是说,我的活动广播意图,IntentService负责工作,将数据保存在DB中,然后广播粘性意图。粘性部分很重要,即使Activity在用户启动工作后暂停,并且错过了来自IntentService的实时广播,我们仍然可以响应并从调用Activity中获取数据。progressdialog可以很好地使用onSaveInstanceState()与此模式一起工作。
Basically, you need to save a flag that you have a progress dialog running in the saved instance bundle. Do not save the progress dialog object because this will leak the entire Activity. To have a persistent handle to the progress dialog, I store it as a weak reference in the application object. On orientation change or anything else that causes the Activity to pause (phone call, user hits home etc.) and then resume, I dismiss the old dialog and recreate a new dialog in the newly created Activity.
对于无限进度对话框来说,这很容易。对于进度条样式,您必须将最后一个已知的进度放在bundle中,并将您在活动中本地使用的任何信息用于跟踪进度。在恢复进度时,您将使用此信息以与之前相同的状态重新生成进度条,然后根据当前状态进行更新。
总之,将长时间运行的任务放到IntentService中,再加上明智地使用onSaveInstanceState(),可以让你有效地跟踪对话框,并在活动生命周期事件中恢复对话框。活动代码的相关部分如下。您还需要BroadcastReceiver中的逻辑来适当地处理Sticky意图,但这超出了本文的范围。
public void doSignIn(View view) {
waiting=true;
AppClass app=(AppClass) getApplication();
String logingon=getString(R.string.signon);
app.Dialog=new WeakReference<ProgressDialog>(ProgressDialog.show(AddAccount.this, "", logingon, true));
...
}
@Override
protected void onSaveInstanceState(Bundle saveState) {
super.onSaveInstanceState(saveState);
saveState.putBoolean("waiting",waiting);
}
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
if(savedInstanceState!=null) {
restoreProgress(savedInstanceState);
}
...
}
private void restoreProgress(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
waiting=savedInstanceState.getBoolean("waiting");
if (waiting) {
AppClass app=(AppClass) getApplication();
ProgressDialog refresher=(ProgressDialog) app.Dialog.get();
refresher.dismiss();
String logingon=getString(R.string.signon);
app.Dialog=new WeakReference<ProgressDialog>(ProgressDialog.show(AddAccount.this, "", logingon, true));
}
}