使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
当前回答
基于纯集的解决方案,使用TVF和递归CTE。您可以将此函数JOIN和APPLY到任何数据集。
create function [dbo].[SplitStringToResultSet] (@value varchar(max), @separator char(1))
returns table
as return
with r as (
select value, cast(null as varchar(max)) [x], -1 [no] from (select rtrim(cast(@value as varchar(max))) [value]) as j
union all
select right(value, len(value)-case charindex(@separator, value) when 0 then len(value) else charindex(@separator, value) end) [value]
, left(r.[value], case charindex(@separator, r.value) when 0 then len(r.value) else abs(charindex(@separator, r.[value])-1) end ) [x]
, [no] + 1 [no]
from r where value > '')
select ltrim(x) [value], [no] [index] from r where x is not null;
go
用法:
select *
from [dbo].[SplitStringToResultSet]('Hello John Smith', ' ')
where [index] = 1;
结果:
value index
-------------
John 1
其他回答
基于纯集的解决方案,使用TVF和递归CTE。您可以将此函数JOIN和APPLY到任何数据集。
create function [dbo].[SplitStringToResultSet] (@value varchar(max), @separator char(1))
returns table
as return
with r as (
select value, cast(null as varchar(max)) [x], -1 [no] from (select rtrim(cast(@value as varchar(max))) [value]) as j
union all
select right(value, len(value)-case charindex(@separator, value) when 0 then len(value) else charindex(@separator, value) end) [value]
, left(r.[value], case charindex(@separator, r.value) when 0 then len(r.value) else abs(charindex(@separator, r.[value])-1) end ) [x]
, [no] + 1 [no]
from r where value > '')
select ltrim(x) [value], [no] [index] from r where x is not null;
go
用法:
select *
from [dbo].[SplitStringToResultSet]('Hello John Smith', ' ')
where [index] = 1;
结果:
value index
-------------
John 1
首先,创建一个函数(使用CTE,公共表表达式不再需要临时表)
create function dbo.SplitString
(
@str nvarchar(4000),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
1,
1,
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 zeroBasedOccurance,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE 4000 end)
AS s
from tokens
)
GO
然后,像这样使用它作为任何表(或修改它以适应现有存储的proc)。
select s
from dbo.SplitString('Hello John Smith', ' ')
where zeroBasedOccurance=1
更新
以前的版本将失败的输入字符串长度超过4000个字符。这个版本考虑到了以下限制:
create function dbo.SplitString
(
@str nvarchar(max),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
cast(1 as bigint),
cast(1 as bigint),
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 ItemIndex,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE LEN(@str) end)
AS s
from tokens
);
GO
用法不变。
I realize this is a really old question, but starting with SQL Server 2016 there are functions for parsing JSON data that can be used to specifically address the OP's question--and without splitting strings or resorting to a user-defined function. To access an item at a particular index of a delimited string, use the JSON_VALUE function. Properly formatted JSON data is required, however: strings must be enclosed in double quotes " and the delimiter must be a comma ,, with the entire string enclosed in square brackets [].
DECLARE @SampleString NVARCHAR(MAX) = '"Hello John Smith"';
--Format as JSON data.
SET @SampleString = '[' + REPLACE(@SampleString, ' ', '","') + ']';
SELECT
JSON_VALUE(@SampleString, '$[0]') AS Element1Value,
JSON_VALUE(@SampleString, '$[1]') AS Element2Value,
JSON_VALUE(@SampleString, '$[2]') AS Element3Value;
输出
Element1Value Element2Value Element3Value
--------------------- ------------------- ------------------------------
Hello John Smith
(1 row affected)
如果任何人只想获得分离文本的一部分,可以使用这个
select * from from splitstringsep ('Word1 word2 word3',' ')
CREATE function [dbo].[SplitStringSep]
(
@str nvarchar(4000),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
1,
1,
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 zeroBasedOccurance,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE 4000 end)
AS s
from tokens
)
试试这个:
CREATE function [SplitWordList]
(
@list varchar(8000)
)
returns @t table
(
Word varchar(50) not null,
Position int identity(1,1) not null
)
as begin
declare
@pos int,
@lpos int,
@item varchar(100),
@ignore varchar(100),
@dl int,
@a1 int,
@a2 int,
@z1 int,
@z2 int,
@n1 int,
@n2 int,
@c varchar(1),
@a smallint
select
@a1 = ascii('a'),
@a2 = ascii('A'),
@z1 = ascii('z'),
@z2 = ascii('Z'),
@n1 = ascii('0'),
@n2 = ascii('9')
set @ignore = '''"'
set @pos = 1
set @dl = datalength(@list)
set @lpos = 1
set @item = ''
while (@pos <= @dl) begin
set @c = substring(@list, @pos, 1)
if (@ignore not like '%' + @c + '%') begin
set @a = ascii(@c)
if ((@a >= @a1) and (@a <= @z1))
or ((@a >= @a2) and (@a <= @z2))
or ((@a >= @n1) and (@a <= @n2))
begin
set @item = @item + @c
end else if (@item > '') begin
insert into @t values (@item)
set @item = ''
end
end
set @pos = @pos + 1
end
if (@item > '') begin
insert into @t values (@item)
end
return
end
像这样测试它:
select * from SplitWordList('Hello John Smith')