使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
使用SQL Server,我如何分割一个字符串,以便我可以访问项目x?
拿一根“你好,约翰·史密斯”的绳子。我如何通过空格分割字符串并访问索引1应该返回“约翰”的项目?
当前回答
递归CTE解决方案与服务器疼痛,测试它
MS SQL Server 2008模式设置:
create table Course( Courses varchar(100) );
insert into Course values ('Hello John Smith');
查询1:
with cte as
( select
left( Courses, charindex( ' ' , Courses) ) as a_l,
cast( substring( Courses,
charindex( ' ' , Courses) + 1 ,
len(Courses ) ) + ' '
as varchar(100) ) as a_r,
Courses as a,
0 as n
from Course t
union all
select
left(a_r, charindex( ' ' , a_r) ) as a_l,
substring( a_r, charindex( ' ' , a_r) + 1 , len(a_R ) ) as a_r,
cte.a,
cte.n + 1 as n
from Course t inner join cte
on t.Courses = cte.a and len( a_r ) > 0
)
select a_l, n from cte
--where N = 1
结果:
| A_L | N |
|--------|---|
| Hello | 0 |
| John | 1 |
| Smith | 2 |
其他回答
我知道已经晚了,但我最近有了这个需求,并提出了下面的代码。我没有选择使用用户定义的函数。希望这能有所帮助。
SELECT
SUBSTRING(
SUBSTRING('Hello John Smith' ,0,CHARINDEX(' ','Hello John Smith',CHARINDEX(' ','Hello John Smith')+1)
),CHARINDEX(' ','Hello John Smith'),LEN('Hello John Smith')
)
declare @strng varchar(max)='hello john smith'
select (
substring(
@strng,
charindex(' ', @strng) + 1,
(
(charindex(' ', @strng, charindex(' ', @strng) + 1))
- charindex(' ',@strng)
)
))
下面的示例使用递归CTE
更新18.09.2013
CREATE FUNCTION dbo.SplitStrings_CTE(@List nvarchar(max), @Delimiter nvarchar(1))
RETURNS @returns TABLE (val nvarchar(max), [level] int, PRIMARY KEY CLUSTERED([level]))
AS
BEGIN
;WITH cte AS
(
SELECT SUBSTRING(@List, 0, CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @List + @Delimiter)) AS val,
CAST(STUFF(@List + @Delimiter, 1, CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, @List + @Delimiter), '') AS nvarchar(max)) AS stval,
1 AS [level]
UNION ALL
SELECT SUBSTRING(stval, 0, CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, stval)),
CAST(STUFF(stval, 1, CHARINDEX(@Delimiter, stval), '') AS nvarchar(max)),
[level] + 1
FROM cte
WHERE stval != ''
)
INSERT @returns
SELECT REPLACE(val, ' ','' ) AS val, [level]
FROM cte
WHERE val > ''
RETURN
END
演示SQLFiddle
首先,创建一个函数(使用CTE,公共表表达式不再需要临时表)
create function dbo.SplitString
(
@str nvarchar(4000),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
1,
1,
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 zeroBasedOccurance,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE 4000 end)
AS s
from tokens
)
GO
然后,像这样使用它作为任何表(或修改它以适应现有存储的proc)。
select s
from dbo.SplitString('Hello John Smith', ' ')
where zeroBasedOccurance=1
更新
以前的版本将失败的输入字符串长度超过4000个字符。这个版本考虑到了以下限制:
create function dbo.SplitString
(
@str nvarchar(max),
@separator char(1)
)
returns table
AS
return (
with tokens(p, a, b) AS (
select
cast(1 as bigint),
cast(1 as bigint),
charindex(@separator, @str)
union all
select
p + 1,
b + 1,
charindex(@separator, @str, b + 1)
from tokens
where b > 0
)
select
p-1 ItemIndex,
substring(
@str,
a,
case when b > 0 then b-a ELSE LEN(@str) end)
AS s
from tokens
);
GO
用法不变。
如果数据库的兼容性级别为130或更高,则可以使用STRING_SPLIT函数和OFFSET FETCH子句按索引获取特定的项。
要获得索引N(从零开始)的项,可以使用以下代码
SELECT value
FROM STRING_SPLIT('Hello John Smith',' ')
ORDER BY (SELECT NULL)
OFFSET N ROWS
FETCH NEXT 1 ROWS ONLY
要检查数据库的兼容性级别,执行以下代码:
SELECT compatibility_level
FROM sys.databases WHERE name = 'YourDBName';