这只是我的个人意见。通过使用这段代码，您可以在具有跨平台接口的C/ c++中找到当前应用程序的目录。

void getExecutablePath(char ** path, unsigned int * pathLength)
{
    // Early exit when invalid out-parameters are passed
    if (!checkStringOutParameter(path, pathLength))
    {
        return;
    }

#if defined SYSTEM_LINUX

    // Preallocate PATH_MAX (e.g., 4096) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[PATH_MAX];

    // Return written bytes, indicating if memory was sufficient
    int len = readlink("/proc/self/exe", exePath, PATH_MAX);

    if (len <= 0 || len == PATH_MAX) // memory not sufficient or general error occured
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#elif defined SYSTEM_WINDOWS

    // Preallocate MAX_PATH (e.g., 4095) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[MAX_PATH];

    // Return written bytes, indicating if memory was sufficient
    unsigned int len = GetModuleFileNameA(GetModuleHandleA(0x0), exePath, MAX_PATH);
    if (len == 0) // memory not sufficient or general error occured
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#elif defined SYSTEM_SOLARIS

    // Preallocate PATH_MAX (e.g., 4096) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[PATH_MAX];

    // Convert executable path to canonical path, return null pointer on error
    if (realpath(getexecname(), exePath) == 0x0)
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    unsigned int len = strlen(exePath);
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#elif defined SYSTEM_DARWIN

    // Preallocate PATH_MAX (e.g., 4096) characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[PATH_MAX];

    unsigned int len = (unsigned int)PATH_MAX;

    // Obtain executable path to canonical path, return zero on success
    if (_NSGetExecutablePath(exePath, &len) == 0)
    {
        // Convert executable path to canonical path, return null pointer on error
        char * realPath = realpath(exePath, 0x0);

        if (realPath == 0x0)
        {
            invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
            return;
        }

        // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
        unsigned int len = strlen(realPath);
        copyToStringOutParameter(realPath, len, path, pathLength);

        free(realPath);
    }
    else // len is initialized with the required number of bytes (including zero byte)
    {
        char * intermediatePath = (char *)malloc(sizeof(char) * len);

        // Convert executable path to canonical path, return null pointer on error
        if (_NSGetExecutablePath(intermediatePath, &len) != 0)
        {
            free(intermediatePath);
            invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
            return;
        }

        char * realPath = realpath(intermediatePath, 0x0);

        free(intermediatePath);

        // Check if conversion to canonical path succeeded
        if (realPath == 0x0)
        {
            invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
            return;
        }

        // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
        unsigned int len = strlen(realPath);
        copyToStringOutParameter(realPath, len, path, pathLength);

        free(realPath);
    }

#elif defined SYSTEM_FREEBSD

    // Preallocate characters and hope the executable path isn't longer (including null byte)
    char exePath[2048];

    unsigned int len = 2048;

    int mib[] = { CTL_KERN, KERN_PROC, KERN_PROC_PATHNAME, -1 };

    // Obtain executable path by syscall
    if (sysctl(mib, 4, exePath, &len, 0x0, 0) != 0)
    {
        invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);
        return;
    }

    // Copy contents to caller, create caller ownership
    copyToStringOutParameter(exePath, len, path, pathLength);

#else

    // If no OS could be detected ... degrade gracefully
    invalidateStringOutParameter(path, pathLength);

#endif
}

你可以在这里详细看看。

要使其可靠地跨平台工作，需要使用#ifdef语句。

下面的代码可以在Windows、Linux、MacOS、Solaris或FreeBSD(尽管FreeBSD未经测试)中找到可执行文件的路径。它使用 Boost 1.55.0(或更高版本)来简化代码，但如果您愿意，可以很容易地删除它。只要根据操作系统和编译器的要求使用像_MSC_VER和__linux这样的定义即可。

#include <string>
#include <boost/predef/os.h>

#if (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
#  include <stdlib.h>
#elif (BOOST_OS_SOLARIS)
#  include <stdlib.h>
#  include <limits.h>
#elif (BOOST_OS_LINUX)
#  include <unistd.h>
#  include <limits.h>
#elif (BOOST_OS_MACOS)
#  include <mach-o/dyld.h>
#elif (BOOST_OS_BSD_FREE)
#  include <sys/types.h>
#  include <sys/sysctl.h>
#endif

/*
 * Returns the full path to the currently running executable,
 * or an empty string in case of failure.
 */
std::string getExecutablePath() {
    #if (BOOST_OS_WINDOWS)
        char *exePath;
        if (_get_pgmptr(&exePath) != 0)
            exePath = "";
    #elif (BOOST_OS_SOLARIS)
        char exePath[PATH_MAX];
        if (realpath(getexecname(), exePath) == NULL)
            exePath[0] = '\0';
    #elif (BOOST_OS_LINUX)
        char exePath[PATH_MAX];
        ssize_t len = ::readlink("/proc/self/exe", exePath, sizeof(exePath));
        if (len == -1 || len == sizeof(exePath))
            len = 0;
        exePath[len] = '\0';
    #elif (BOOST_OS_MACOS)
        char exePath[PATH_MAX];
        uint32_t len = sizeof(exePath);
        if (_NSGetExecutablePath(exePath, &len) != 0) {
            exePath[0] = '\0'; // buffer too small (!)
        } else {
            // resolve symlinks, ., .. if possible
            char *canonicalPath = realpath(exePath, NULL);
            if (canonicalPath != NULL) {
                strncpy(exePath,canonicalPath,len);
                free(canonicalPath);
            }
        }
    #elif (BOOST_OS_BSD_FREE)
        char exePath[2048];
        int mib[4];  mib[0] = CTL_KERN;  mib[1] = KERN_PROC;  mib[2] = KERN_PROC_PATHNAME;  mib[3] = -1;
        size_t len = sizeof(exePath);
        if (sysctl(mib, 4, exePath, &len, NULL, 0) != 0)
            exePath[0] = '\0';
    #endif
        return std::string(exePath);
}

上面的版本返回包括可执行文件名称在内的完整路径。如果相反，你想要没有可执行名称的路径，#include boost/ filessystem .hpp>，并将返回语句更改为:

return strlen(exePath)>0 ? boost::filesystem::path(exePath).remove_filename().make_preferred().string() : std::string();

根据QNX Neutrino版本的不同，有不同的方法来查找用于启动运行进程的可执行文件的完整路径和名称。我将进程标识符表示为<PID>。试试下面的方法:

If the file /proc/self/exefile exists, then its contents are the requested information. If the file /proc/<PID>/exefile exists, then its contents are the requested information. If the file /proc/self/as exists, then: open() the file. Allocate a buffer of, at least, sizeof(procfs_debuginfo) + _POSIX_PATH_MAX. Give that buffer as input to devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_MAPDEBUG_BASE,.... Cast the buffer to a procfs_debuginfo*. The requested information is at the path field of the procfs_debuginfo structure. Warning: For some reason, sometimes, QNX omits the first slash / of the file path. Prepend that / when needed. Clean up (close the file, free the buffer, etc.). Try the procedure in 3. with the file /proc/<PID>/as. Try dladdr(dlsym(RTLD_DEFAULT, "main"), &dlinfo) where dlinfo is a Dl_info structure whose dli_fname might contain the requested information.

我希望这能有所帮助。

除了mark4o的答案，FreeBSD也有

const char* getprogname(void)

它应该也可以在macOS中使用。它可以通过libbsd在GNU/Linux中获得。

当然，这并不适用于所有项目。 尽管如此，QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath()在6年的c++ /Qt开发中从未让我失望过。

当然，在尝试使用它之前，应该彻底阅读文档:

警告:在Linux上，此函数将尝试从 /proc文件系统。如果失败，则假定argv[0]包含 可执行文件的绝对文件名。这个函数也假设 应用程序没有更改当前目录。

老实说，我认为#ifdef和其他类似的解决方案根本不应该在现代代码中使用。

我相信更小的跨平台库也存在。让他们把所有特定于平台的东西封装在里面。

一些特定于操作系统的接口:

Mac OS X: _NSGetExecutablePath() (man 3 dyld) Linux: readlink /proc/self/exe Solaris: getexecname () sysctl CTL_KERN KERN_PROC KERN_PROC_PATHNAME -1 readlink /proc/curproc/file (FreeBSD默认没有procfs) NetBSD: readlink /proc/curproc/exe DragonFly BSD: readlink /proc/curproc/file Windows: GetModuleFileName() with hModule = NULL

也有第三方库可以用来获取这些信息，比如在prideout的回答中提到的whereami，或者如果你使用Qt，评论中提到的QCoreApplication::applicationFilePath()。

可移植的(但不太可靠)方法是使用argv[0]。尽管调用程序可以将它设置为任何东西，但按照惯例，它要么被设置为可执行文件的路径名，要么被设置为使用$ path找到的名称。

一些shell，包括bash和ksh，在执行可执行文件之前将环境变量“_”设置为可执行文件的完整路径。在这种情况下，您可以使用getenv("_")来获取它。然而，这是不可靠的，因为不是所有的shell都这样做，并且它可以被设置为任何东西，或者是在执行程序之前没有更改它的父进程遗留下来的。