我有一些正在测试的代码，它调用Java记录器来报告其状态。 在JUnit测试代码中，我想验证在这个日志记录器中创建了正确的日志条目。大致如下:
methodUnderTest(bool x){
if(x)
logger.info("x happened")
}
@Test tester(){
// perhaps setup a logger first.
methodUnderTest(true);
assertXXXXXX(loggedLevel(),Level.INFO);
}
我认为这可以用一个经过特别调整的记录器(或处理程序或格式化程序)来完成，但我更愿意重用现有的解决方案。(而且，老实说，我不清楚如何从记录器获得logRecord，但假设这是可能的。)
当前回答
Log4J2的API略有不同。你也可以使用它的async appender。我为此创建了一个锁定的appender:
public static class LatchedAppender extends AbstractAppender implements AutoCloseable {
private final List<LogEvent> messages = new ArrayList<>();
private final CountDownLatch latch;
private final LoggerConfig loggerConfig;
public LatchedAppender(Class<?> classThatLogs, int expectedMessages) {
this(classThatLogs, null, null, expectedMessages);
}
public LatchedAppender(Class<?> classThatLogs, Filter filter, Layout<? extends Serializable> layout, int expectedMessages) {
super(classThatLogs.getName()+"."+"LatchedAppender", filter, layout);
latch = new CountDownLatch(expectedMessages);
final LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
final Configuration config = ctx.getConfiguration();
loggerConfig = config.getLoggerConfig(LogManager.getLogger(classThatLogs).getName());
loggerConfig.addAppender(this, Level.ALL, ThresholdFilter.createFilter(Level.ALL, null, null));
start();
}
@Override
public void append(LogEvent event) {
messages.add(event);
latch.countDown();
}
public List<LogEvent> awaitMessages() throws InterruptedException {
assertTrue(latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
return messages;
}
@Override
public void close() {
stop();
loggerConfig.removeAppender(this.getName());
}
}
像这样使用它:
try (LatchedAppender appender = new LatchedAppender(ClassUnderTest.class, 1)) {
ClassUnderTest.methodThatLogs();
List<LogEvent> events = appender.awaitMessages();
assertEquals(1, events.size());
//more assertions here
}//appender removed
其他回答
如果您正在使用log4j2，来自https://www.dontpanicblog.co.uk/2018/04/29/test-log4j2-with-junit/的解决方案允许我断言消息已被记录。
解决方案是这样的:
Define a log4j appender as an ExternalResource rule public class LogAppenderResource extends ExternalResource { private static final String APPENDER_NAME = "log4jRuleAppender"; /** * Logged messages contains level and message only. * This allows us to test that level and message are set. */ private static final String PATTERN = "%-5level %msg"; private Logger logger; private Appender appender; private final CharArrayWriter outContent = new CharArrayWriter(); public LogAppenderResource(org.apache.logging.log4j.Logger logger) { this.logger = (org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger)logger; } @Override protected void before() { StringLayout layout = PatternLayout.newBuilder().withPattern(PATTERN).build(); appender = WriterAppender.newBuilder() .setTarget(outContent) .setLayout(layout) .setName(APPENDER_NAME).build(); appender.start(); logger.addAppender(appender); } @Override protected void after() { logger.removeAppender(appender); } public String getOutput() { return outContent.toString(); } } Define a test that use your ExternalResource rule public class LoggingTextListenerTest { @Rule public LogAppenderResource appender = new LogAppenderResource(LogManager.getLogger(LoggingTextListener.class)); private LoggingTextListener listener = new LoggingTextListener(); // Class under test @Test public void startedEvent_isLogged() { listener.started(); assertThat(appender.getOutput(), containsString("started")); } }
不要忘记将log4j2.xml作为src/test/resources的一部分
Log4J2的API略有不同。你也可以使用它的async appender。我为此创建了一个锁定的appender:
public static class LatchedAppender extends AbstractAppender implements AutoCloseable {
private final List<LogEvent> messages = new ArrayList<>();
private final CountDownLatch latch;
private final LoggerConfig loggerConfig;
public LatchedAppender(Class<?> classThatLogs, int expectedMessages) {
this(classThatLogs, null, null, expectedMessages);
}
public LatchedAppender(Class<?> classThatLogs, Filter filter, Layout<? extends Serializable> layout, int expectedMessages) {
super(classThatLogs.getName()+"."+"LatchedAppender", filter, layout);
latch = new CountDownLatch(expectedMessages);
final LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
final Configuration config = ctx.getConfiguration();
loggerConfig = config.getLoggerConfig(LogManager.getLogger(classThatLogs).getName());
loggerConfig.addAppender(this, Level.ALL, ThresholdFilter.createFilter(Level.ALL, null, null));
start();
}
@Override
public void append(LogEvent event) {
messages.add(event);
latch.countDown();
}
public List<LogEvent> awaitMessages() throws InterruptedException {
assertTrue(latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
return messages;
}
@Override
public void close() {
stop();
loggerConfig.removeAppender(this.getName());
}
}
像这样使用它:
try (LatchedAppender appender = new LatchedAppender(ClassUnderTest.class, 1)) {
ClassUnderTest.methodThatLogs();
List<LogEvent> events = appender.awaitMessages();
assertEquals(1, events.size());
//more assertions here
}//appender removed
我为log4j回答了一个类似的问题，请参阅how-can-i-test-with-junit-that-a-warning-was-logged-with-log4
这是更新的Log4j2(用2.11.2测试)和junit 5的示例;
package com.whatever.log;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.*;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractAppender;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.Configuration;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.LoggerConfig;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.Plugin;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginAttribute;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginElement;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.config.plugins.PluginFactory;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.AfterEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.BeforeEach;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
class TestLogger {
private TestAppender testAppender;
private LoggerConfig loggerConfig;
private final Logger logger = (Logger)
LogManager.getLogger(ClassUnderTest.class);
@Test
@DisplayName("Test Log Junit5 and log4j2")
void test() {
ClassUnderTest.logMessage();
final LogEvent loggingEvent = testAppender.events.get(0);
//asset equals 1 because log level is info, change it to debug and
//the test will fail
assertTrue(testAppender.events.size()==1,"Unexpected empty log");
assertEquals(Level.INFO,loggingEvent.getLevel(),"Unexpected log level");
assertEquals(loggingEvent.getMessage().toString()
,"Hello Test","Unexpected log message");
}
@BeforeEach
private void setup() {
testAppender = new TestAppender("TestAppender", null);
final LoggerContext context = logger.getContext();
final Configuration configuration = context.getConfiguration();
loggerConfig = configuration.getLoggerConfig(logger.getName());
loggerConfig.setLevel(Level.INFO);
loggerConfig.addAppender(testAppender,Level.INFO,null);
testAppender.start();
context.updateLoggers();
}
@AfterEach
void after(){
testAppender.stop();
loggerConfig.removeAppender("TestAppender");
final LoggerContext context = logger.getContext();
context.updateLoggers();
}
@Plugin( name = "TestAppender", category = Core.CATEGORY_NAME, elementType = Appender.ELEMENT_TYPE)
static class TestAppender extends AbstractAppender {
List<LogEvent> events = new ArrayList();
protected TestAppender(String name, Filter filter) {
super(name, filter, null);
}
@PluginFactory
public static TestAppender createAppender(
@PluginAttribute("name") String name,
@PluginElement("Filter") Filter filter) {
return new TestAppender(name, filter);
}
@Override
public void append(LogEvent event) {
events.add(event);
}
}
static class ClassUnderTest {
private static final Logger LOGGER = (Logger) LogManager.getLogger(ClassUnderTest.class);
public static void logMessage(){
LOGGER.info("Hello Test");
LOGGER.debug("Hello Test");
}
}
}
使用以下maven依赖项
<dependency>
<artifactId>log4j-core</artifactId>
<packaging>jar</packaging>
<version>2.11.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.junit.jupiter</groupId>
<artifactId>junit-jupiter-api</artifactId>
<version>5.5.0</version>
<scope>test</scope>
</dependency>
通过添加Appender进行单元测试并不能真正测试Logger的配置。因此，我认为这是一种独特的情况，在这种情况下，单元测试没有带来那么多价值，而集成测试带来了很多价值(特别是如果您的日志有一些审计目的)。
为了为它创建集成测试，让我们假设您正在运行一个简单的ConsoleAppender，并希望测试它的输出。然后，您应该测试如何将消息从System.out写入到它自己的ByteArrayOutputStream。
从这个意义上说，我会做以下事情(我使用JUnit 5):
public class Slf4jAuditLoggerTest {
private final ByteArrayOutputStream outContent = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
@BeforeEach
public void beforeEach() {
System.setOut(new PrintStream(outContent));
}
通过这种方式，你可以简单地测试它的输出:
@Test
public void myTest() {
// Given...
// When...
// Then
assertTrue(outContent.toString().contains("[INFO] My formatted string from Logger"));
}
如果你这样做了，你将为你的项目带来更多的价值，而不需要使用内存中的实现，创建一个新的Appender，或者其他什么。
实际上，您是在测试依赖类的副作用。对于单元测试，您只需要验证这一点
logger.info（）
使用正确的参数调用。因此，使用一个模拟框架来模拟记录器，这将允许您测试自己类的行为。
