我有一些正在测试的代码,它调用Java记录器来报告其状态。 在JUnit测试代码中,我想验证在这个日志记录器中创建了正确的日志条目。大致如下:

methodUnderTest(bool x){
    if(x)
        logger.info("x happened")
}

@Test tester(){
    // perhaps setup a logger first.
    methodUnderTest(true);
    assertXXXXXX(loggedLevel(),Level.INFO);
}

我认为这可以用一个经过特别调整的记录器(或处理程序或格式化程序)来完成,但我更愿意重用现有的解决方案。(而且,老实说,我不清楚如何从记录器获得logRecord,但假设这是可能的。)


当前回答

实际上,您是在测试依赖类的副作用。对于单元测试,您只需要验证这一点

logger.info()

使用正确的参数调用。因此,使用一个模拟框架来模拟记录器,这将允许您测试自己类的行为。

其他回答

这是我为logback所做的。

我创建了一个TestAppender类:

public class TestAppender extends AppenderBase<ILoggingEvent> {

    private Stack<ILoggingEvent> events = new Stack<ILoggingEvent>();

    @Override
    protected void append(ILoggingEvent event) {
        events.add(event);
    }

    public void clear() {
        events.clear();
    }

    public ILoggingEvent getLastEvent() {
        return events.pop();
    }
}

然后在我的testng单元测试类的父类中创建了一个方法:

protected TestAppender testAppender;

@BeforeClass
public void setupLogsForTesting() {
    Logger root = (Logger)LoggerFactory.getLogger(Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
    testAppender = (TestAppender)root.getAppender("TEST");
    if (testAppender != null) {
        testAppender.clear();
    }
}

我在src/test/resources中定义了一个logback-test.xml文件,并添加了一个测试appender:

<appender name="TEST" class="com.intuit.icn.TestAppender">
    <encoder>
        <pattern>%m%n</pattern>
    </encoder>
</appender>

并将这个appender添加到根appender:

<root>
    <level value="error" />
    <appender-ref ref="STDOUT" />
    <appender-ref ref="TEST" />
</root>

现在,在从父测试类扩展而来的测试类中,我可以获得appender并记录最后一条消息,并验证消息、级别和throwable。

ILoggingEvent lastEvent = testAppender.getLastEvent();
assertEquals(lastEvent.getMessage(), "...");
assertEquals(lastEvent.getLevel(), Level.WARN);
assertEquals(lastEvent.getThrowableProxy().getMessage(), "...");

另一个值得提及的想法是创建一个CDI生成器来注入记录器,这样模拟就变得容易了,尽管这是一个较老的主题。(而且它还提供了不必再声明“整个logger语句”的优势,但这已经跑题了)

例子:

创建要注入的记录器:

public class CdiResources {
  @Produces @LoggerType
  public Logger createLogger(final InjectionPoint ip) {
      return Logger.getLogger(ip.getMember().getDeclaringClass());
  }
}

限定符:

@Qualifier
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD, PARAMETER})
public @interface LoggerType {
}

在生产代码中使用记录器:

public class ProductionCode {
    @Inject
    @LoggerType
    private Logger logger;

    public void logSomething() {
        logger.info("something");
    }
}

在测试代码中测试记录器(给出一个easyMock示例):

@TestSubject
private ProductionCode productionCode = new ProductionCode();

@Mock
private Logger logger;

@Test
public void testTheLogger() {
   logger.info("something");
   replayAll();
   productionCode.logSomething();
}

在类实现中不需要依赖硬编码的静态全局记录器,可以在默认构造函数中提供默认记录器,然后使用特定的构造函数设置对所提供的记录器的引用。

class MyClassToTest {
    private final Logger logger;
    
    public MyClassToTest() {
      this(SomeStatic.logger);
    };
    
    MyClassToTest(Logger logger) {
      this.logger = logger;
    };
    
    public void someOperation() {
        logger.warn("warning message");
        // ...
    };
};

class MyClassToTestTest {
    
    @Test
    public warnCalled() {
        Logger loggerMock = mock(Logger.class);
        MyClassTest myClassToTest = new MyClassToTest(logger);
        myClassToTest.someOperation();
        verify(loggerMock).warn(anyString());
    };
}

I also ran into the same challanged and ended up at this page. Although I am 11 years too late to answers the question, I thought maybe it could be still usefull for others. I found the answer of davidxxx with Logback and the ListAppander very usefull. I used the same configuration for multiple projects, however it was not so fun to copy/paste it and maintaining all the version when I needed to changes something. I thought it would be better to make a library out of it and contribute back to the community. It works with SLFJ4, Log4j, Log4j2, Java Util Logging, JBoss Logging and with Lombok annotations. Please have a look here: LogCaptor for detailed examples and how to add it to your project.

示例情况:

public class FooService {

    private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FooService.class);

    public void sayHello() {
        LOGGER.warn("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
    }

}

使用LogCaptor的单元测试示例:

import nl.altindag.log.LogCaptor;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;

public class FooServiceTest {

    @Test
    public void sayHelloShouldLogWarnMessage() {
        LogCaptor logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(FooService.class);

        FooService fooService = new FooService();
        fooService.sayHello();

        assertThat(logCaptor.getWarnLogs())
            .contains("Congratulations, you are pregnant!");
    }
}

我不太确定是否应该在这里发布这篇文章,因为这也可以被视为推广“我的库”的一种方式,但我认为这对面临同样挑战的开发人员有帮助。

在这里,模拟是一个选项,尽管这很困难,因为记录器通常是私有的静态final -所以设置模拟记录器不是小意思,或者需要修改被测试的类。

你可以创建一个自定义的Appender(或者其他什么名字),然后注册它——要么通过一个只测试的配置文件,要么通过运行时(在某种程度上,依赖于日志框架)。 然后,您可以获得该appender(如果在配置文件中声明,可以是静态的,如果在运行时插入它,则可以通过它的当前引用),并验证其内容。