我有一些正在测试的代码,它调用Java记录器来报告其状态。
在JUnit测试代码中,我想验证在这个日志记录器中创建了正确的日志条目。大致如下:
methodUnderTest(bool x){
if(x)
logger.info("x happened")
}
@Test tester(){
// perhaps setup a logger first.
methodUnderTest(true);
assertXXXXXX(loggedLevel(),Level.INFO);
}
我认为这可以用一个经过特别调整的记录器(或处理程序或格式化程序)来完成,但我更愿意重用现有的解决方案。(而且,老实说,我不清楚如何从记录器获得logRecord,但假设这是可能的。)
请注意,在Log4J 2中。X,公共接口org.apache.logging.log4j。Logger不包括setAppender()和removeAppender()方法。
但是,如果您没有做太花哨的事情,您应该能够将它强制转换为实现类org.apache.logging.log4j.core。记录器,它公开了这些方法。
这里有一个Mockito和AssertJ的例子:
// Import the implementation class rather than the API interface
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
// Cast logger to implementation class to get access to setAppender/removeAppender
Logger log = (Logger) LogManager.getLogger(MyClassUnderTest.class);
// Set up the mock appender, stubbing some methods Log4J needs internally
Appender appender = mock(Appender.class);
when(appender.getName()).thenReturn("Mock Appender");
when(appender.isStarted()).thenReturn(true);
log.addAppender(appender);
try {
new MyClassUnderTest().doSomethingThatShouldLogAnError();
} finally {
log.removeAppender(appender);
}
// Verify that we got an error with the expected message
ArgumentCaptor<LogEvent> logEventCaptor = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LogEvent.class);
verify(appender).append(logEventCaptor.capture());
LogEvent logEvent = logEventCaptor.getValue();
assertThat(logEvent.getLevel()).isEqualTo(Level.ERROR);
assertThat(logEvent.getMessage().getFormattedMessage()).contains(expectedErrorMessage);
对于log4j2,解决方案略有不同,因为AppenderSkeleton不再可用。此外,使用Mockito或类似的库来创建带有ArgumentCaptor的Appender将无法工作,因为MutableLogEvent在多个日志消息上被重用。我为log4j2找到的最佳解决方案是:
import org.apache.logging.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.LogEvent;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.Logger;
import org.apache.logging.log4j.core.appender.AbstractAppender;
private static MockedAppender mockedAppender;
private static Logger logger;
@Before
public void setup() {
mockedAppender.message.clear();
}
/**
* For some reason mvn test will not work if this is @Before, but in eclipse it works! As a
* result, we use @BeforeClass.
*/
@BeforeClass
public static void setupClass() {
mockedAppender = new MockedAppender();
logger = (Logger)LogManager.getLogger(MatchingMetricsLogger.class);
logger.addAppender(mockedAppender);
logger.setLevel(Level.INFO);
}
@AfterClass
public static void teardown() {
logger.removeAppender(mockedAppender);
}
@Test
public void test() {
// do something that causes logs
for (String e : mockedAppender.message) {
// add asserts for the log messages
}
}
private static class MockedAppender extends AbstractAppender {
List<String> message = new ArrayList<>();
protected MockedAppender() {
super("MockedAppender", null, null);
}
@Override
public void append(LogEvent event) {
message.add(event.getMessage().getFormattedMessage());
}
}
对于我来说,您可以通过使用JUnit和Mockito来简化您的测试。
我提出以下解决方案:
import org.apache.log4j.Appender;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.LogManager;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
import org.mockito.Captor;
import org.mockito.InjectMocks;
import org.mockito.Mock;
import org.mockito.runners.MockitoJUnitRunner;
import java.util.List;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.assertThat;
import static org.assertj.core.api.Assertions.tuple;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.times;
@RunWith(MockitoJUnitRunner.class)
public class MyLogTest {
private static final String FIRST_MESSAGE = "First message";
private static final String SECOND_MESSAGE = "Second message";
@Mock private Appender appender;
@Captor private ArgumentCaptor<LoggingEvent> captor;
@InjectMocks private MyLog;
@Before
public void setUp() {
LogManager.getRootLogger().addAppender(appender);
}
@After
public void tearDown() {
LogManager.getRootLogger().removeAppender(appender);
}
@Test
public void shouldLogExactlyTwoMessages() {
testedClass.foo();
then(appender).should(times(2)).doAppend(captor.capture());
List<LoggingEvent> loggingEvents = captor.getAllValues();
assertThat(loggingEvents).extracting("level", "renderedMessage").containsExactly(
tuple(Level.INFO, FIRST_MESSAGE)
tuple(Level.INFO, SECOND_MESSAGE)
);
}
}
这就是为什么我们对不同消息量的测试有很好的灵活性
另一个选项是模拟Appender并验证消息是否已记录到此Appender。Log4j 1.2的示例。X和mockito:
import static org.junit.Assert.assertEquals;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.mock;
import static org.mockito.Mockito.verify;
import org.apache.log4j.Appender;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.After;
import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.mockito.ArgumentCaptor;
public class MyTest {
private final Appender appender = mock(Appender.class);
private final Logger logger = Logger.getRootLogger();
@Before
public void setup() {
logger.addAppender(appender);
}
@Test
public void test() {
// when
Logger.getLogger(MyTest.class).info("Test");
// then
ArgumentCaptor<LoggingEvent> argument = ArgumentCaptor.forClass(LoggingEvent.class);
verify(appender).doAppend(argument.capture());
assertEquals(Level.INFO, argument.getValue().getLevel());
assertEquals("Test", argument.getValue().getMessage());
assertEquals("MyTest", argument.getValue().getLoggerName());
}
@After
public void cleanup() {
logger.removeAppender(appender);
}
}