使用下面的代码。我在spring集成测试中使用相同的代码，其中我使用日志回日志。使用assertJobIsScheduled方法断言日志中打印的文本。

import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.LoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.Appender;

private Logger rootLogger;
final Appender mockAppender = mock(Appender.class);

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    initMocks(this);
    when(mockAppender.getName()).thenReturn("MOCK");
    rootLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
    rootLogger.addAppender(mockAppender);
}

private void assertJobIsScheduled(final String matcherText) {
    verify(mockAppender).doAppend(argThat(new ArgumentMatcher() {
        @Override
        public boolean matches(final Object argument) {
            return ((LoggingEvent)argument).getFormattedMessage().contains(matcherText);
        }
    }));
}

通过添加Appender进行单元测试并不能真正测试Logger的配置。因此，我认为这是一种独特的情况，在这种情况下，单元测试没有带来那么多价值，而集成测试带来了很多价值(特别是如果您的日志有一些审计目的)。

为了为它创建集成测试，让我们假设您正在运行一个简单的ConsoleAppender，并希望测试它的输出。然后，您应该测试如何将消息从System.out写入到它自己的ByteArrayOutputStream。

从这个意义上说，我会做以下事情(我使用JUnit 5):

public class Slf4jAuditLoggerTest {

    private final ByteArrayOutputStream outContent = new ByteArrayOutputStream();

    @BeforeEach
    public void beforeEach() {
        System.setOut(new PrintStream(outContent));
    }

通过这种方式，你可以简单地测试它的输出:

    @Test
    public void myTest() {
        // Given...
        // When...
        // Then
        assertTrue(outContent.toString().contains("[INFO] My formatted string from Logger"));
    }

如果你这样做了，你将为你的项目带来更多的价值，而不需要使用内存中的实现，创建一个新的Appender，或者其他什么。

I've needed this several times as well. I've put together a small sample below, which you'd want to adjust to your needs. Basically, you create your own Appender and add it to the logger you want. If you'd want to collect everything, the root logger is a good place to start, but you can use a more specific if you'd like. Don't forget to remove the Appender when you're done, otherwise you might create a memory leak. Below I've done it within the test, but setUp or @Before and tearDown or @After might be better places, depending on your needs.

此外，下面的实现将所有内容收集到内存中的List中。如果您记录了很多日志，您可能会考虑添加一个过滤器来删除无聊的条目，或者将日志写入磁盘上的临时文件(提示:LoggingEvent是可序列化的，因此如果您的日志消息是可序列化的，那么您应该能够序列化事件对象)。

import org.apache.log4j.AppenderSkeleton;
import org.apache.log4j.Level;
import org.apache.log4j.Logger;
import org.apache.log4j.spi.LoggingEvent;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.is;
import static org.junit.Assert.assertThat;

public class MyTest {
    @Test
    public void test() {
        final TestAppender appender = new TestAppender();
        final Logger logger = Logger.getRootLogger();
        logger.addAppender(appender);
        try {
            Logger.getLogger(MyTest.class).info("Test");
        }
        finally {
            logger.removeAppender(appender);
        }

        final List<LoggingEvent> log = appender.getLog();
        final LoggingEvent firstLogEntry = log.get(0);
        assertThat(firstLogEntry.getLevel(), is(Level.INFO));
        assertThat((String) firstLogEntry.getMessage(), is("Test"));
        assertThat(firstLogEntry.getLoggerName(), is("MyTest"));
    }
}

class TestAppender extends AppenderSkeleton {
    private final List<LoggingEvent> log = new ArrayList<LoggingEvent>();

    @Override
    public boolean requiresLayout() {
        return false;
    }

    @Override
    protected void append(final LoggingEvent loggingEvent) {
        log.add(loggingEvent);
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
    }

    public List<LoggingEvent> getLog() {
        return new ArrayList<LoggingEvent>(log);
    }
}

检查这个库https://github.com/Hakky54/log-captor

在maven文件中包含库的引用:

<dependency>
    <groupId>io.github.hakky54</groupId>
    <artifactId>logcaptor</artifactId>
    <version>2.5.0</version>
    <scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

在java代码测试方法中，你应该包括以下内容:

LogCaptor logCaptor = LogCaptor.forClass(MyClass.class);

 // do the test logic....

assertThat(logCaptor.getLogs()).contains("Some log to assert");

正如前面提到的，您可以使用mock框架。为此，您必须在类中公开记录器(尽管我可能更倾向于使其包私有而不是创建公共setter)。

另一种解决方案是手工创建一个假记录器。您必须编写伪记录器(更多的fixture代码)，但在这种情况下，我更喜欢使用模拟框架中保存的代码来增强测试的可读性。

我会这样做:

class FakeLogger implements ILogger {
    public List<String> infos = new ArrayList<String>();
    public List<String> errors = new ArrayList<String>();

    public void info(String message) {
        infos.add(message);
    }

    public void error(String message) {
        errors.add(message);
    }
}

class TestMyClass {
    private MyClass myClass;        
    private FakeLogger logger;        

    @Before
    public void setUp() throws Exception {
        myClass = new MyClass();
        logger = new FakeLogger();
        myClass.logger = logger;
    }

    @Test
    public void testMyMethod() {
        myClass.myMethod(true);

        assertEquals(1, logger.infos.size());
    }
}

这里有一个简单有效的Logback解决方案。 它不需要添加/创建任何新类。 它依赖于ListAppender:一个白盒回logback appender，其中将日志条目添加到公共List字段中，我们可以使用该字段来进行断言。

这里有一个简单的例子。

Foo类:

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

public class Foo {

    static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo .class);

    public void doThat() {
        LOGGER.info("start");
        //...
        LOGGER.info("finish");
    }
}

FooTest类:

import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Level;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.ILoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.read.ListAppender;

public class FooTest {

    @Test
    void doThat() throws Exception {
        // get Logback Logger 
        Logger fooLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(Foo.class);

        // create and start a ListAppender
        ListAppender<ILoggingEvent> listAppender = new ListAppender<>();
        listAppender.start();

        // add the appender to the logger
        // addAppender is outdated now
        fooLogger.addAppender(listAppender);

        // call method under test
        Foo foo = new Foo();
        foo.doThat();

        // JUnit assertions
        List<ILoggingEvent> logsList = listAppender.list;
        assertEquals("start", logsList.get(0)
                                      .getMessage());
        assertEquals(Level.INFO, logsList.get(0)
                                         .getLevel());

        assertEquals("finish", logsList.get(1)
                                       .getMessage());
        assertEquals(Level.INFO, logsList.get(1)
                                         .getLevel());
    }
}

JUnit断言听起来不太适合断言列表元素的某些特定属性。 像AssertJ或Hamcrest这样的Matcher/断言库似乎更好:

使用AssertJ，它将是:

import org.assertj.core.api.Assertions;

Assertions.assertThat(listAppender.list)
          .extracting(ILoggingEvent::getMessage, ILoggingEvent::getLevel)
          .containsExactly(Tuple.tuple("start", Level.INFO), Tuple.tuple("finish", Level.INFO));