使用下面的代码。我在spring集成测试中使用相同的代码，其中我使用日志回日志。使用assertJobIsScheduled方法断言日志中打印的文本。

import ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger;
import ch.qos.logback.classic.spi.LoggingEvent;
import ch.qos.logback.core.Appender;

private Logger rootLogger;
final Appender mockAppender = mock(Appender.class);

@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
    initMocks(this);
    when(mockAppender.getName()).thenReturn("MOCK");
    rootLogger = (Logger) LoggerFactory.getLogger(ch.qos.logback.classic.Logger.ROOT_LOGGER_NAME);
    rootLogger.addAppender(mockAppender);
}

private void assertJobIsScheduled(final String matcherText) {
    verify(mockAppender).doAppend(argThat(new ArgumentMatcher() {
        @Override
        public boolean matches(final Object argument) {
            return ((LoggingEvent)argument).getFormattedMessage().contains(matcherText);
        }
    }));
}

Log4J2的API略有不同。你也可以使用它的async appender。我为此创建了一个锁定的appender:

    public static class LatchedAppender extends AbstractAppender implements AutoCloseable {

    private final List<LogEvent> messages = new ArrayList<>();
    private final CountDownLatch latch;
    private final LoggerConfig loggerConfig;

    public LatchedAppender(Class<?> classThatLogs, int expectedMessages) {
        this(classThatLogs, null, null, expectedMessages);
    }
    public LatchedAppender(Class<?> classThatLogs, Filter filter, Layout<? extends Serializable> layout, int expectedMessages) {
        super(classThatLogs.getName()+"."+"LatchedAppender", filter, layout);
        latch = new CountDownLatch(expectedMessages);
        final LoggerContext ctx = (LoggerContext) LogManager.getContext(false);
        final Configuration config = ctx.getConfiguration();
        loggerConfig = config.getLoggerConfig(LogManager.getLogger(classThatLogs).getName());
        loggerConfig.addAppender(this, Level.ALL, ThresholdFilter.createFilter(Level.ALL, null, null));
        start();
    }

    @Override
    public void append(LogEvent event) {
        messages.add(event);
        latch.countDown();
    }

    public List<LogEvent> awaitMessages() throws InterruptedException {
        assertTrue(latch.await(10, TimeUnit.SECONDS));
        return messages;
    }

    @Override
    public void close() {
        stop();
        loggerConfig.removeAppender(this.getName());
    }
}

像这样使用它:

        try (LatchedAppender appender = new LatchedAppender(ClassUnderTest.class, 1)) {

        ClassUnderTest.methodThatLogs();
        List<LogEvent> events = appender.awaitMessages();
        assertEquals(1, events.size());
        //more assertions here

    }//appender removed

另一个值得提及的想法是创建一个CDI生成器来注入记录器，这样模拟就变得容易了，尽管这是一个较老的主题。(而且它还提供了不必再声明“整个logger语句”的优势，但这已经跑题了)

例子:

创建要注入的记录器:

public class CdiResources {
  @Produces @LoggerType
  public Logger createLogger(final InjectionPoint ip) {
      return Logger.getLogger(ip.getMember().getDeclaringClass());
  }
}

限定符:

@Qualifier
@Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
@Target({TYPE, METHOD, FIELD, PARAMETER})
public @interface LoggerType {
}

在生产代码中使用记录器:

public class ProductionCode {
    @Inject
    @LoggerType
    private Logger logger;

    public void logSomething() {
        logger.info("something");
    }
}

在测试代码中测试记录器(给出一个easyMock示例):

@TestSubject
private ProductionCode productionCode = new ProductionCode();

@Mock
private Logger logger;

@Test
public void testTheLogger() {
   logger.info("something");
   replayAll();
   productionCode.logSomething();
}

使用Jmockit(1.21)，我能够编写这个简单的测试。 该测试确保只调用一次特定的ERROR消息。

@Test
public void testErrorMessage() {
    final org.slf4j.Logger logger = org.slf4j.LoggerFactory.getLogger( MyConfig.class );

    new Expectations(logger) {{
        //make sure this error is happens just once.
        logger.error( "Something went wrong..." );
        times = 1;
    }};

    new MyTestObject().runSomethingWrong( "aaa" ); //SUT that eventually cause the error in the log.    
}

受到@RonaldBlaschke的解决方案的启发，我想到了这个:

public class Log4JTester extends ExternalResource {
    TestAppender appender;

    @Override
    protected void before() {
        appender = new TestAppender();
        final Logger rootLogger = Logger.getRootLogger();
        rootLogger.addAppender(appender);
    }

    @Override
    protected void after() {
        final Logger rootLogger = Logger.getRootLogger();
        rootLogger.removeAppender(appender);
    }

    public void assertLogged(Matcher<String> matcher) {
        for(LoggingEvent event : appender.events) {
            if(matcher.matches(event.getMessage())) {
                return;
            }
        }
        fail("No event matches " + matcher);
    }

    private static class TestAppender extends AppenderSkeleton {

        List<LoggingEvent> events = new ArrayList<LoggingEvent>();

        @Override
        protected void append(LoggingEvent event) {
            events.add(event);
        }

        @Override
        public void close() {

        }

        @Override
        public boolean requiresLayout() {
            return false;
        }
    }

}

．.． 这允许你做:

@Rule public Log4JTester logTest = new Log4JTester();

@Test
public void testFoo() {
     user.setStatus(Status.PREMIUM);
     logTest.assertLogged(
        stringContains("Note added to account: premium customer"));
}

你也许可以用更聪明的方式来使用hamcrest，但我就讲到这里。

在这里，模拟是一个选项，尽管这很困难，因为记录器通常是私有的静态final -所以设置模拟记录器不是小意思，或者需要修改被测试的类。

你可以创建一个自定义的Appender(或者其他什么名字)，然后注册它——要么通过一个只测试的配置文件，要么通过运行时(在某种程度上，依赖于日志框架)。 然后，您可以获得该appender(如果在配置文件中声明，可以是静态的，如果在运行时插入它，则可以通过它的当前引用)，并验证其内容。