有没有一种简单的方法来确定一个点是否在三角形内?是2D的,不是3D的。


当前回答

老实说,这就像Simon P Steven的回答一样简单,但是用这种方法,你无法控制你是否想要包含三角形边缘上的点。

我的方法有点不同,但非常基本。考虑下面的三角形;

为了在三角形中有这个点我们必须满足三个条件

ACE角(绿色)应小于ACB角(红色) ECB角(蓝色)应小于ACB角(红色) 当点E和点C的x和y值应用于|AB|直线方程时,点E和点C的符号应该相同。

在此方法中,您可以完全控制单独包含或排除边缘上的点。所以你可以检查一个点是否在三角形中,例如,只包括|AC|边。

所以我的JavaScript解决方案是这样的;

function isInTriangle(t,p){ function isInBorder(a,b,c,p){ var m = (a.y - b.y) / (a.x - b.x); // calculate the slope return Math.sign(p.y - m*p.x + m*a.x - a.y) === Math.sign(c.y - m*c.x + m*a.x - a.y); } function findAngle(a,b,c){ // calculate the C angle from 3 points. var ca = Math.hypot(c.x-a.x, c.y-a.y), // ca edge length cb = Math.hypot(c.x-b.x, c.y-b.y), // cb edge length ab = Math.hypot(a.x-b.x, a.y-b.y); // ab edge length return Math.acos((ca*ca + cb*cb - ab*ab) / (2*ca*cb)); // return the C angle } var pas = t.slice(1) .map(tp => findAngle(p,tp,t[0])), // find the angle between (p,t[0]) with (t[1],t[0]) & (t[2],t[0]) ta = findAngle(t[1],t[2],t[0]); return pas[0] < ta && pas[1] < ta && isInBorder(t[1],t[2],t[0],p); } var triangle = [{x:3, y:4},{x:10, y:8},{x:6, y:10}], point1 = {x:3, y:9}, point2 = {x:7, y:9}; console.log(isInTriangle(triangle,point1)); console.log(isInTriangle(triangle,point2));

其他回答

一般来说,最简单(也是最优)的算法是检查由边创建的半平面的哪一边是点。

以下是关于GameDev的一些高质量信息,包括性能问题。

这里有一些代码让你开始:

float sign (fPoint p1, fPoint p2, fPoint p3)
{
    return (p1.x - p3.x) * (p2.y - p3.y) - (p2.x - p3.x) * (p1.y - p3.y);
}

bool PointInTriangle (fPoint pt, fPoint v1, fPoint v2, fPoint v3)
{
    float d1, d2, d3;
    bool has_neg, has_pos;

    d1 = sign(pt, v1, v2);
    d2 = sign(pt, v2, v3);
    d3 = sign(pt, v3, v1);

    has_neg = (d1 < 0) || (d2 < 0) || (d3 < 0);
    has_pos = (d1 > 0) || (d2 > 0) || (d3 > 0);

    return !(has_neg && has_pos);
}

一个简单的方法是:

找出连接 分别指向三角形的三个点 顶点和夹角之和 这些向量。如果它们的和 角度是2*那么点是 在三角形里面。

两个解释替代方案的好网站是:

黑卒和沃尔夫勒姆

求解如下方程组:

p = p0 + (p1 - p0) * s + (p2 - p0) * t

当0 <= s <= 1和0 <= t <= 1以及s + t <= 1时,点p在三角形内。

S,t和1 - S - t称为点p的重心坐标。

因为没有JS的答案, 顺时针和逆时针解决方案:

function triangleContains(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, x, y) {

    let det = (bx - ax) * (cy - ay) - (by - ay) * (cx - ax)

    return  det * ((bx - ax) * (y - ay) - (by - ay) * (x - ax)) >= 0 &&
            det * ((cx - bx) * (y - by) - (cy - by) * (x - bx)) >= 0 &&
            det * ((ax - cx) * (y - cy) - (ay - cy) * (x - cx)) >= 0    

}

编辑:修正了两个拼写错误(关于符号和比较)。

https://jsfiddle.net/jniac/rctb3gfL/

function triangleContains(ax, ay, bx, by, cx, cy, x, y) { let det = (bx - ax) * (cy - ay) - (by - ay) * (cx - ax) return det * ((bx - ax) * (y - ay) - (by - ay) * (x - ax)) > 0 && det * ((cx - bx) * (y - by) - (cy - by) * (x - bx)) > 0 && det * ((ax - cx) * (y - cy) - (ay - cy) * (x - cx)) > 0 } let width = 500, height = 500 // clockwise let triangle1 = { A : { x: 10, y: -10 }, C : { x: 20, y: 100 }, B : { x: -90, y: 10 }, color: '#f00', } // counter clockwise let triangle2 = { A : { x: 20, y: -60 }, B : { x: 90, y: 20 }, C : { x: 20, y: 60 }, color: '#00f', } let scale = 2 let mouse = { x: 0, y: 0 } // DRAW > let wrapper = document.querySelector('div.wrapper') wrapper.onmousemove = ({ layerX:x, layerY:y }) => { x -= width / 2 y -= height / 2 x /= scale y /= scale mouse.x = x mouse.y = y drawInteractive() } function drawArrow(ctx, A, B) { let v = normalize(sub(B, A), 3) let I = center(A, B) let p p = add(I, rotate(v, 90), v) ctx.moveTo(p.x, p.y) ctx.lineTo(I.x, I .y) p = add(I, rotate(v, -90), v) ctx.lineTo(p.x, p.y) } function drawTriangle(ctx, { A, B, C, color }) { ctx.beginPath() ctx.moveTo(A.x, A.y) ctx.lineTo(B.x, B.y) ctx.lineTo(C.x, C.y) ctx.closePath() ctx.fillStyle = color + '6' ctx.strokeStyle = color ctx.fill() drawArrow(ctx, A, B) drawArrow(ctx, B, C) drawArrow(ctx, C, A) ctx.stroke() } function contains({ A, B, C }, P) { return triangleContains(A.x, A.y, B.x, B.y, C.x, C.y, P.x, P.y) } function resetCanvas(canvas) { canvas.width = width canvas.height = height let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d') ctx.resetTransform() ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height) ctx.setTransform(scale, 0, 0, scale, width/2, height/2) } function drawDots() { let canvas = document.querySelector('canvas#dots') let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d') resetCanvas(canvas) let count = 1000 for (let i = 0; i < count; i++) { let x = width * (Math.random() - .5) let y = width * (Math.random() - .5) ctx.beginPath() ctx.ellipse(x, y, 1, 1, 0, 0, 2 * Math.PI) if (contains(triangle1, { x, y })) { ctx.fillStyle = '#f00' } else if (contains(triangle2, { x, y })) { ctx.fillStyle = '#00f' } else { ctx.fillStyle = '#0003' } ctx.fill() } } function drawInteractive() { let canvas = document.querySelector('canvas#interactive') let ctx = canvas.getContext('2d') resetCanvas(canvas) ctx.beginPath() ctx.moveTo(0, -height/2) ctx.lineTo(0, height/2) ctx.moveTo(-width/2, 0) ctx.lineTo(width/2, 0) ctx.strokeStyle = '#0003' ctx.stroke() drawTriangle(ctx, triangle1) drawTriangle(ctx, triangle2) ctx.beginPath() ctx.ellipse(mouse.x, mouse.y, 4, 4, 0, 0, 2 * Math.PI) if (contains(triangle1, mouse)) { ctx.fillStyle = triangle1.color + 'a' ctx.fill() } else if (contains(triangle2, mouse)) { ctx.fillStyle = triangle2.color + 'a' ctx.fill() } else { ctx.strokeStyle = 'black' ctx.stroke() } } drawDots() drawInteractive() // trigo function add(...points) { let x = 0, y = 0 for (let point of points) { x += point.x y += point.y } return { x, y } } function center(...points) { let x = 0, y = 0 for (let point of points) { x += point.x y += point.y } x /= points.length y /= points.length return { x, y } } function sub(A, B) { let x = A.x - B.x let y = A.y - B.y return { x, y } } function normalize({ x, y }, length = 10) { let r = length / Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) x *= r y *= r return { x, y } } function rotate({ x, y }, angle = 90) { let length = Math.sqrt(x * x + y * y) angle *= Math.PI / 180 angle += Math.atan2(y, x) x = length * Math.cos(angle) y = length * Math.sin(angle) return { x, y } } * { margin: 0; } html { font-family: monospace; } body { padding: 32px; } span.red { color: #f00; } span.blue { color: #00f; } canvas { position: absolute; border: solid 1px #ddd; } <p><span class="red">red triangle</span> is clockwise</p> <p><span class="blue">blue triangle</span> is couter clockwise</p> <br> <div class="wrapper"> <canvas id="dots"></canvas> <canvas id="interactive"></canvas> </div>

我在这里使用与上面描述的相同的方法:如果一个点分别位于AB, BC, CA的“同”边,则它在ABC内。

下面是一个python解决方案,它是高效的,文档化的,包含三个单元测试。它具有专业级的质量,并且可以以模块的形式放入您的项目中。

import unittest

###############################################################################
def point_in_triangle(point, triangle):
    """Returns True if the point is inside the triangle
    and returns False if it falls outside.
    - The argument *point* is a tuple with two elements
    containing the X,Y coordinates respectively.
    - The argument *triangle* is a tuple with three elements each
    element consisting of a tuple of X,Y coordinates.

    It works like this:
    Walk clockwise or counterclockwise around the triangle
    and project the point onto the segment we are crossing
    by using the dot product.
    Finally, check that the vector created is on the same side
    for each of the triangle's segments.
    """
    # Unpack arguments
    x, y = point
    ax, ay = triangle[0]
    bx, by = triangle[1]
    cx, cy = triangle[2]
    # Segment A to B
    side_1 = (x - bx) * (ay - by) - (ax - bx) * (y - by)
    # Segment B to C
    side_2 = (x - cx) * (by - cy) - (bx - cx) * (y - cy)
    # Segment C to A
    side_3 = (x - ax) * (cy - ay) - (cx - ax) * (y - ay)
    # All the signs must be positive or all negative
    return (side_1 < 0.0) == (side_2 < 0.0) == (side_3 < 0.0)

###############################################################################
class TestPointInTriangle(unittest.TestCase):

    triangle = ((22 , 8),
                (12 , 55),
                (7 , 19))

    def test_inside(self):
        point = (15, 20)
        self.assertTrue(point_in_triangle(point, self.triangle))

    def test_outside(self):
        point = (1, 7)
        self.assertFalse(point_in_triangle(point, self.triangle))

    def test_border_case(self):
        """If the point is exactly on one of the triangle's edges,
        we consider it is inside."""
        point = (7, 19)
        self.assertTrue(point_in_triangle(point, self.triangle))

###############################################################################
if __name__ == "__main__":
    suite = unittest.defaultTestLoader.loadTestsFromTestCase(TestPointInTriangle)
    unittest.TextTestRunner().run(suite)

上面的算法有一个额外的可选图形测试,以确认其有效性:

import random
from matplotlib import pyplot
from triangle_test import point_in_triangle

###############################################################################
# The area #
size_x = 64
size_y = 64

# The triangle #
triangle = ((22 , 8),
            (12 , 55),
            (7 , 19))

# Number of random points #
count_points = 10000

# Prepare the figure #
figure = pyplot.figure()
axes = figure.add_subplot(111, aspect='equal')
axes.set_title("Test the 'point_in_triangle' function")
axes.set_xlim(0, size_x)
axes.set_ylim(0, size_y)

# Plot the triangle #
from matplotlib.patches import Polygon
axes.add_patch(Polygon(triangle, linewidth=1, edgecolor='k', facecolor='none'))

# Plot the points #
for i in range(count_points):
    x = random.uniform(0, size_x)
    y = random.uniform(0, size_y)
    if point_in_triangle((x,y), triangle): pyplot.plot(x, y, '.g')
    else:                                  pyplot.plot(x, y, '.b')

# Save it #
figure.savefig("point_in_triangle.pdf")

制作以下图表: