以下是我如何在我的Linux (Ubuntu / Mint伙伴)上做到这一点，我猜Mac也可以这样做。

安装和配置

步骤:

[Basic - part] Download jdk (the .tgz file) by hand. Uncompress & rename properly, at a proper location. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 Make a soft link, which will be changed to switch java version later. e.g ln -s /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 /mnt/star/program/java/java Thus /mnt/star/program/java/java is the soft link. Set JAVA_HOME in a start script. Could use file like /etc/profile.d/eric.sh, or just use ~/.bashrc. e.g JAVA_HOME=/mnt/star/program/java/java Then open a new bash shell. java -version should print the java version. [More version - part] Download & install more Java version, as need, similar as above steps. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11 [Switch - part] In ~/.bashrc, define variable for various Java version. e.g _E_JAVA_HOME_11='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11' _E_JAVA_HOME_8='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-8' # dir of default version, _E_JAVA_HOME_D=$_E_JAVA_HOME_8 In ~/.bashrc, define command to switch Java version. e.g ## switch java version, alias jv11="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_11 $JAVA_HOME" alias jv8="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_8 $JAVA_HOME" # default java version, alias jvd="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_D $JAVA_HOME" alias jv="java -version" In terminal, source ~/.bashrc to make the changes take effect. Then could switch using the defined commands.

命令-从上面的config

命令:

jv11 切换到Java 11 jv8 切换到Java 8 jvd 切换到默认的Java版本，该版本由上面定义的_E_JAVA_HOME_D表示。 合资企业 显示java版本。

示例输出:

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv11
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jvd
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ 

机制

它通过改变软链接来切换，如JAVA_HOME。

Tips

在我的机器上手动安装jdk时，我保留次要版本，然后与主要版本做一个软链接，但没有次要版本。 如 //这是实际的目录， jdk1.8.0_191 //这是jdk1.8.0_191的软链接 jdk-8 //这是一个到jdk-8或jdk-11的软链接 java 我在~/中定义了命令别名。Bashrc，但是在单独的文件中定义变量。 我正在使用~/。Eric_var定义变量，~/。bashrc将源它(例如源$HOME/.eric_var)。

您可以将其添加到.bash_profile中，以设置默认版本。

//Open bash profile
open ~/.bash_profile

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8`

// run bash profile
source ~/.bash_profile

使用jenv是一种简单的方法。(2022年更新)

安装jenv:参见入门 使用brew安装java Brew install openjdk@11 Ln -s /usr/local/opt/openjdk@11/libexec/openjdk。jdk /图书馆/ Java / JavaVirtualMachines / openjdk - 11. jdk #其他java Brew install openjdk@8 Brew install openjdk@17 添加java到jenv jenv add /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk-11.jdk/Contents/Home 用法:参考jenv

来自Apple官方java_home(1)手册页:

**USAGE**

   /usr/libexec/java_home  helps  users  set a $JAVA_HOME in their login rc files, or provides a way for
   command-line Java tools to use the most appropriate JVM which can satisfy a minimum version or archi-
   tecture  requirement.  The --exec argument can invoke tools in the selected $JAVA_HOME/bin directory,
   which is useful for starting Java command-line tools from launchd plists without hardcoding the  full
   path to the Java command-line tool.

   Usage for bash-style shells:
          $ export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home`

   Usage for csh-style shells:
          % setenv JAVA_HOME `/usr/libexec/java_home`

我使用我写的fish函数

function javav
  set min_version 8
  set max_version 99
  set java_home_cmd '/usr/libexec/java_home 2>/dev/null --failfast --version'

  if ! test (eval $java_home_cmd $argv)
    echo "Version not found"
    return 1
  end

  for current_version in (seq $min_version $max_version)
    set path_to_remove (eval $java_home_cmd $current_version)
    if ! test -z $path_to_remove
      echo 'Removing' $path_to_remove 'from PATH'
      set PATH (string match --invert $path_to_remove/bin $PATH)
    end
  end

  echo 'Setting up env for Java' $argv
  set -x JAVA_HOME (eval $java_home_cmd $argv)
  set PATH $JAVA_HOME/bin $PATH
end

它基本上自动化了这个答案中的步骤，类似于这个，但也负责设置PATH。

只要把它放在.config/fish/functions/中，然后像这样使用它:

javav 11 # Sets to Java 11
javav 16 # Sets to Java 16

macOS El Capitan或更新版本将选择/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines中可用的更高版本的JDK，因此为了降级，您可以将文件重命名为Info。plist改为Info.plist.disabled这样操作系统就会选择以前的版本。