以下是我如何在我的Linux (Ubuntu / Mint伙伴)上做到这一点，我猜Mac也可以这样做。

安装和配置

步骤:

[Basic - part] Download jdk (the .tgz file) by hand. Uncompress & rename properly, at a proper location. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 Make a soft link, which will be changed to switch java version later. e.g ln -s /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 /mnt/star/program/java/java Thus /mnt/star/program/java/java is the soft link. Set JAVA_HOME in a start script. Could use file like /etc/profile.d/eric.sh, or just use ~/.bashrc. e.g JAVA_HOME=/mnt/star/program/java/java Then open a new bash shell. java -version should print the java version. [More version - part] Download & install more Java version, as need, similar as above steps. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11 [Switch - part] In ~/.bashrc, define variable for various Java version. e.g _E_JAVA_HOME_11='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11' _E_JAVA_HOME_8='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-8' # dir of default version, _E_JAVA_HOME_D=$_E_JAVA_HOME_8 In ~/.bashrc, define command to switch Java version. e.g ## switch java version, alias jv11="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_11 $JAVA_HOME" alias jv8="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_8 $JAVA_HOME" # default java version, alias jvd="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_D $JAVA_HOME" alias jv="java -version" In terminal, source ~/.bashrc to make the changes take effect. Then could switch using the defined commands.

命令-从上面的config

命令:

jv11 切换到Java 11 jv8 切换到Java 8 jvd 切换到默认的Java版本，该版本由上面定义的_E_JAVA_HOME_D表示。 合资企业 显示java版本。

示例输出:

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv11
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jvd
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ 

机制

它通过改变软链接来切换，如JAVA_HOME。

Tips

在我的机器上手动安装jdk时，我保留次要版本，然后与主要版本做一个软链接，但没有次要版本。 如 //这是实际的目录， jdk1.8.0_191 //这是jdk1.8.0_191的软链接 jdk-8 //这是一个到jdk-8或jdk-11的软链接 java 我在~/中定义了命令别名。Bashrc，但是在单独的文件中定义变量。 我正在使用~/。Eric_var定义变量，~/。bashrc将源它(例如源$HOME/.eric_var)。

您可以将其添加到.bash_profile中，以设置默认版本。

//Open bash profile
open ~/.bash_profile

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8`

// run bash profile
source ~/.bash_profile

如果你有多个版本，并且你想使用一个特定的版本来运行一些东西，请使用这个例子:

/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.7.0_75 --exec java -jar you-file.jar

来自Apple官方java_home(1)手册页:

**USAGE**

   /usr/libexec/java_home  helps  users  set a $JAVA_HOME in their login rc files, or provides a way for
   command-line Java tools to use the most appropriate JVM which can satisfy a minimum version or archi-
   tecture  requirement.  The --exec argument can invoke tools in the selected $JAVA_HOME/bin directory,
   which is useful for starting Java command-line tools from launchd plists without hardcoding the  full
   path to the Java command-line tool.

   Usage for bash-style shells:
          $ export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home`

   Usage for csh-style shells:
          % setenv JAVA_HOME `/usr/libexec/java_home`

首先运行/usr/ libeexec /java_home -V，输出如下:

Matching Java Virtual Machines (3):
1.8.0_05, x86_64:   "Java SE 8" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_05.jdk/Contents/Home
1.6.0_65-b14-462, x86_64:   "Java SE 6" /System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home
1.6.0_65-b14-462, i386: "Java SE 6" /System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_05.jdk/Contents/Home

选择你想要的默认版本(1.6.0_65-b14-462)，然后:

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.6.0_65-b14-462`

或者你可以只指定主版本，比如:

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8`

现在当你运行java -version时，你会看到:

java version "1.6.0_65"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_65-b14-462-11M4609)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.65-b04-462, mixed mode)

在shell的init文件中添加export JAVA_HOME…行。

对于Bash(如antonyh所述):

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8)

鱼(如ormurin所述)

set -x JAVA_HOME (/usr/libexec/java_home -d64 -v1.8)

更新.zshrc文件应该工作:

nano ~/.zshrc

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8.0)

按“CTRL+X”退出编辑器 按Y保存更改

source ~/.zshrc
echo $JAVA_HOME
java -version

在不需要安装额外工具的情况下，让/usr/ libeexec /java_home -V将单独安装的JDK识别为一级成员的简单方法是如下所示的符号链接:

sudo ln -s <path> /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-[some-identifier].jdk

<path>是一个包含Contents/Home/bin等子目录的目录。

一个常见的用例是注册Android Studio中包含的JDK/JRE:

在macOS上最新版本的Android Studio中，Java工具的默认位置是/Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jre。我们将使用jdk-android-studio。JDK作为标识符:

sudo ln -s /Applications/Android\ Studio.app/Contents/jre /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk-android-studio.jdk

现在，/usr/libexec/java_home -V将在匹配Java虚拟机下列出它:

$ /usr/libexec/java_home -V
Matching Java Virtual Machines (1):
    11.0.13 (arm64) "JetBrains s.r.o." - "OpenJDK 11.0.13" /Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/Contents/Home
/Applications/Android Studio.app/Contents/jre/Contents/Home