以下是我如何在我的Linux (Ubuntu / Mint伙伴)上做到这一点，我猜Mac也可以这样做。

安装和配置

步骤:

[Basic - part] Download jdk (the .tgz file) by hand. Uncompress & rename properly, at a proper location. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 Make a soft link, which will be changed to switch java version later. e.g ln -s /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 /mnt/star/program/java/java Thus /mnt/star/program/java/java is the soft link. Set JAVA_HOME in a start script. Could use file like /etc/profile.d/eric.sh, or just use ~/.bashrc. e.g JAVA_HOME=/mnt/star/program/java/java Then open a new bash shell. java -version should print the java version. [More version - part] Download & install more Java version, as need, similar as above steps. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11 [Switch - part] In ~/.bashrc, define variable for various Java version. e.g _E_JAVA_HOME_11='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11' _E_JAVA_HOME_8='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-8' # dir of default version, _E_JAVA_HOME_D=$_E_JAVA_HOME_8 In ~/.bashrc, define command to switch Java version. e.g ## switch java version, alias jv11="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_11 $JAVA_HOME" alias jv8="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_8 $JAVA_HOME" # default java version, alias jvd="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_D $JAVA_HOME" alias jv="java -version" In terminal, source ~/.bashrc to make the changes take effect. Then could switch using the defined commands.

命令-从上面的config

命令:

jv11 切换到Java 11 jv8 切换到Java 8 jvd 切换到默认的Java版本，该版本由上面定义的_E_JAVA_HOME_D表示。 合资企业 显示java版本。

示例输出:

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv11
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jvd
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ 

机制

它通过改变软链接来切换，如JAVA_HOME。

Tips

在我的机器上手动安装jdk时，我保留次要版本，然后与主要版本做一个软链接，但没有次要版本。 如 //这是实际的目录， jdk1.8.0_191 //这是jdk1.8.0_191的软链接 jdk-8 //这是一个到jdk-8或jdk-11的软链接 java 我在~/中定义了命令别名。Bashrc，但是在单独的文件中定义变量。 我正在使用~/。Eric_var定义变量，~/。bashrc将源它(例如源$HOME/.eric_var)。

首先运行/usr/ libeexec /java_home -V，输出如下:

Matching Java Virtual Machines (3):
1.8.0_05, x86_64:   "Java SE 8" /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_05.jdk/Contents/Home
1.6.0_65-b14-462, x86_64:   "Java SE 6" /System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home
1.6.0_65-b14-462, i386: "Java SE 6" /System/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/1.6.0.jdk/Contents/Home

/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_05.jdk/Contents/Home

选择你想要的默认版本(1.6.0_65-b14-462)，然后:

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.6.0_65-b14-462`

或者你可以只指定主版本，比如:

export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8`

现在当你运行java -version时，你会看到:

java version "1.6.0_65"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.6.0_65-b14-462-11M4609)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 20.65-b04-462, mixed mode)

在shell的init文件中添加export JAVA_HOME…行。

对于Bash(如antonyh所述):

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8)

鱼(如ormurin所述)

set -x JAVA_HOME (/usr/libexec/java_home -d64 -v1.8)

更新.zshrc文件应该工作:

nano ~/.zshrc

export JAVA_HOME=$(/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8.0)

按“CTRL+X”退出编辑器 按Y保存更改

source ~/.zshrc
echo $JAVA_HOME
java -version

将以下代码行添加到你的.zshrc(或bash_profile):

alias j='f(){export JAVA_HOME=/usr/libexec/ JAVA_HOME -v $1};f'

保存到会话:

$ source .zshrc

执行命令(例如j13, j14, j1.8…)

$ j 1.8

解释 这是参数化的，所以你不需要像其他解决方案一样更新脚本。如果您没有安装JVM，系统会告诉您。案例示例如下:

/Users/user/IDE/project $ j 1.8
/Users/user/IDE/project $ java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_265"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 1.8.0_265-b01)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (AdoptOpenJDK)(build 25.265-b01, mixed mode)
/Users/user/IDE/project $ j 13
/Users/user/IDE/project $ java -version
openjdk version "13.0.2" 2020-01-14
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 13.0.2+8)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 13.0.2+8, mixed mode, sharing)
/Users/user/IDE/project $ j 1.7
Unable to find any JVMs matching version "1.7".

这有点棘手，但请尝试遵循在OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)上安装Java中描述的步骤。基本上，你得把你的别名更新为java。

循序渐进:

在安装JDK 1.7之后，您将需要执行sudo ln -snf命令来更改到当前java的链接。要做到这一点，打开Terminal并发出命令:

sudo ln -nsf /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_51.jdk/Contents \
/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/CurrentJDK

注意，目录jdk1.7.0_51. conf。jdk可能会根据您安装的SDK版本而变化。

现在，您需要将JAVA_HOME设置为指向jdk_1.7.0_xx的位置。安装JDK。再次打开终端，输入:

export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_51.jdk/Contents/Home"

您可以在您的.bashrc文件中添加上面的export JAVA_HOME行，以使java永久地存在于您的终端中

非常简单的答案:

运行并获取所有已安装的JDK路径

/usr/libexec/java_home -V

从jenv.be直接运行命令

git clone https://github.com/jenv/jenv.git ~/.jenv #Linux/macOS
OR
brew install jenv #macOS

echo 'export PATH="$HOME/.jenv/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.zshrc
$ echo 'eval "$(jenv init -)"' >> ~/.zshrc

jenv add PATH_FROM_STEP_1

以下是我如何在我的Linux (Ubuntu / Mint伙伴)上做到这一点，我猜Mac也可以这样做。

安装和配置

步骤:

[Basic - part] Download jdk (the .tgz file) by hand. Uncompress & rename properly, at a proper location. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 Make a soft link, which will be changed to switch java version later. e.g ln -s /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-1.8 /mnt/star/program/java/java Thus /mnt/star/program/java/java is the soft link. Set JAVA_HOME in a start script. Could use file like /etc/profile.d/eric.sh, or just use ~/.bashrc. e.g JAVA_HOME=/mnt/star/program/java/java Then open a new bash shell. java -version should print the java version. [More version - part] Download & install more Java version, as need, similar as above steps. e.g /mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11 [Switch - part] In ~/.bashrc, define variable for various Java version. e.g _E_JAVA_HOME_11='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-11' _E_JAVA_HOME_8='/mnt/star/program/java/jdk-8' # dir of default version, _E_JAVA_HOME_D=$_E_JAVA_HOME_8 In ~/.bashrc, define command to switch Java version. e.g ## switch java version, alias jv11="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_11 $JAVA_HOME" alias jv8="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_8 $JAVA_HOME" # default java version, alias jvd="rm $JAVA_HOME; ln -s $_E_JAVA_HOME_D $JAVA_HOME" alias jv="java -version" In terminal, source ~/.bashrc to make the changes take effect. Then could switch using the defined commands.

命令-从上面的config

命令:

jv11 切换到Java 11 jv8 切换到Java 8 jvd 切换到默认的Java版本，该版本由上面定义的_E_JAVA_HOME_D表示。 合资企业 显示java版本。

示例输出:

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jv11
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ jvd
eric@eric-pc:~$ jv
java version "1.8.0_191"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_191-b12)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.191-b12, mixed mode)

eric@eric-pc:~$ 

机制

它通过改变软链接来切换，如JAVA_HOME。

Tips

在我的机器上手动安装jdk时，我保留次要版本，然后与主要版本做一个软链接，但没有次要版本。 如 //这是实际的目录， jdk1.8.0_191 //这是jdk1.8.0_191的软链接 jdk-8 //这是一个到jdk-8或jdk-11的软链接 java 我在~/中定义了命令别名。Bashrc，但是在单独的文件中定义变量。 我正在使用~/。Eric_var定义变量，~/。bashrc将源它(例如源$HOME/.eric_var)。