基于@markhellewell的答案，我创建了几个别名函数，将为您做这件事。只需将这些添加到您的shell启动文件

#list available jdks
alias jdks="/usr/libexec/java_home -V"
# jdk version switching - e.g. `jdk 6` will switch to version 1.6
function jdk() { 
  echo "Switching java version"; 
  export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.$1`; 
  java -version; 
}

https://gist.github.com/Noyabronok/0a90e1f3c52d1aaa941013d3caa8d0e4

除了上面的答案，我在我的.bash_profile(或MacOS 10.15+的.zshrc)中添加了以下几行，这使得切换非常方便(包括java 9的@elektromin的注释):

alias j12="export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 12`; java -version"
alias j11="export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 11`; java -version"
alias j10="export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 10`; java -version"
alias j9="export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 9`; java -version"
alias j8="export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.8`; java -version"
alias j7="export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v 1.7`; java -version"

插入后，执行$ source .bash_profile

我可以通过输入以下命令切换到Java 8:

$ j8
java version "1.8.0_102"
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_102-b14)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.102-b14, mixed mode)

function setjdk() {
  if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
    removeFromPath '/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Home/bin'
    if [ -n "${JAVA_HOME+x}" ]; then
      removeFromPath $JAVA_HOME
    fi
    export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v $@`
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
  fi
}

把这个放在你的~/里。配置文件并在您的终端中使用它，如setjdk 1.8, setjdk 1.7, setjdk 9等…

如果你没有removeFromPath，那么它是:

函数removeFromPath() { export PATH=$(echo $PATH | sed -E -E ' s;:$1;;"- e”年代;1美元:?;;”) ｝

将此函数添加到bashrc或zshrc, java-change [version]以选择JDK

# set and change java versions
function java-change() {
  echo "----- old java version -----"
  java -version
  if [ $# -ne 0 ]; then
    export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home -v $@`
    export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
  fi
  echo "----- new java version -----"
  java -version
}

来自Apple官方java_home(1)手册页:

**USAGE**

   /usr/libexec/java_home  helps  users  set a $JAVA_HOME in their login rc files, or provides a way for
   command-line Java tools to use the most appropriate JVM which can satisfy a minimum version or archi-
   tecture  requirement.  The --exec argument can invoke tools in the selected $JAVA_HOME/bin directory,
   which is useful for starting Java command-line tools from launchd plists without hardcoding the  full
   path to the Java command-line tool.

   Usage for bash-style shells:
          $ export JAVA_HOME=`/usr/libexec/java_home`

   Usage for csh-style shells:
          % setenv JAVA_HOME `/usr/libexec/java_home`

这有点棘手，但请尝试遵循在OS X 10.9 (Mavericks)上安装Java中描述的步骤。基本上，你得把你的别名更新为java。

循序渐进:

在安装JDK 1.7之后，您将需要执行sudo ln -snf命令来更改到当前java的链接。要做到这一点，打开Terminal并发出命令:

sudo ln -nsf /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_51.jdk/Contents \
/System/Library/Frameworks/JavaVM.framework/Versions/CurrentJDK

注意，目录jdk1.7.0_51. conf。jdk可能会根据您安装的SDK版本而变化。

现在，您需要将JAVA_HOME设置为指向jdk_1.7.0_xx的位置。安装JDK。再次打开终端，输入:

export JAVA_HOME="/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.7.0_51.jdk/Contents/Home"

您可以在您的.bashrc文件中添加上面的export JAVA_HOME行，以使java永久地存在于您的终端中