您可能犯的第一个错误是创建一个全局可访问的类，类名为泛型名称，如Constants。这只会充斥着垃圾，您将无法确定系统的哪个部分使用了这些常量。

相反，常量应该放到“拥有”它们的类中。有一个叫TIMEOUT的常量吗?它应该放到Communications()或Connection()类中。MAX_BAD_LOGINS_PER_HOUR吗?进入User()。诸如此类。

当“常量”可以在运行时定义，但用户不容易更改时，另一种可能的用法是Java .properties文件。你可以把它们打包到你的.jar文件中，并使用Class resourceLoader引用它们。

这完全可以接受，甚至可能是标准。

(public/private) static final TYPE NAME = VALUE;

其中TYPE是类型，NAME是全大写的名称，空格用下划线表示，VALUE是常量值;

我强烈建议不要将常量放在它们自己的类或接口中。

附注:声明为final且为mutable的变量仍然可以更改;但是，变量永远不能指向不同的对象。

例如:

public static final Point ORIGIN = new Point(0,0);

public static void main(String[] args){

    ORIGIN.x = 3;

}

这是合法的，ORIGIN将是(3,0)点。

我强烈建议不要只使用一个常量类。这在当时看起来是一个好主意，但是当开发人员拒绝记录常量，并且类增长到包含500个以上彼此完全不相关的常量(与应用程序的完全不同方面相关)时，通常会导致常量文件完全不可读。而不是:

If you have access to Java 5+, use enums to define your specific constants for an application area. All parts of the application area should refer to enums, not constant values, for these constants. You may declare an enum similar to how you declare a class. Enums are perhaps the most (and, arguably, only) useful feature of Java 5+. If you have constants that are only valid to a particular class or one of its subclasses, declare them as either protected or public and place them on the top class in the hierarchy. This way, the subclasses can access these constant values (and if other classes access them via public, the constants aren't only valid to a particular class...which means that the external classes using this constant may be too tightly coupled to the class containing the constant) If you have an interface with behavior defined, but returned values or argument values should be particular, it is perfectly acceptible to define constants on that interface so that other implementors will have access to them. However, avoid creating an interface just to hold constants: it can become just as bad as a class created just to hold constants.

我更喜欢使用getter而不是常量。这些getter可能返回常量值，例如public int getMaxConnections() {return 10;}，但任何需要常量的东西都将通过getter。

一个好处是，如果您的程序超出了常量的使用范围——您发现它需要可配置——您可以更改getter返回常量的方式。

另一个好处是，为了修改常量，你不必重新编译所有使用它的东西。当引用静态final字段时，该常量的值将被编译到引用它的任何字节码中。

I use static final to declare constants and go with the ALL_CAPS naming notation. I have seen quite a few real life instances where all constants are bunched together into an interface. A few posts have rightly called that a bad practice, primarily because that's not what an interface is for. An interface should enforce a contract and should not be a place to put unrelated constants in. Putting it together into a class that cannot be instantiated (through a private constructor) too is fine if the constant semantics don't belong to a specific class(es). I always put a constant in the class that it's most related to, because that makes sense and is also easily maintainable.

枚举是表示一组值的好选择，但是如果您要存储强调绝对值的独立常量(例如。TIMEOUT = 100 ms)你可以直接使用静态的final方法。

您可能犯的第一个错误是创建一个全局可访问的类，类名为泛型名称，如Constants。这只会充斥着垃圾，您将无法确定系统的哪个部分使用了这些常量。

相反，常量应该放到“拥有”它们的类中。有一个叫TIMEOUT的常量吗?它应该放到Communications()或Connection()类中。MAX_BAD_LOGINS_PER_HOUR吗?进入User()。诸如此类。

当“常量”可以在运行时定义，但用户不容易更改时，另一种可能的用法是Java .properties文件。你可以把它们打包到你的.jar文件中，并使用Class resourceLoader引用它们。