我使用以下方法:

public final class Constants {
  public final class File {
    public static final int MIN_ROWS = 1;
    public static final int MAX_ROWS = 1000;

    private File() {}
  }

  public final class DB {
    public static final String name = "oups";

    public final class Connection {
      public static final String URL = "jdbc:tra-ta-ta";
      public static final String USER = "testUser";
      public static final String PASSWORD = "testPassword";

      private Connection() {}
    }

    private DB() {}
  }

  private Constants() {}
}

例如，我使用Constants.DB.Connection.URL来获取常量。 对我来说，它看起来更“面向对象”。

我强烈建议不要只使用一个常量类。这在当时看起来是一个好主意，但是当开发人员拒绝记录常量，并且类增长到包含500个以上彼此完全不相关的常量(与应用程序的完全不同方面相关)时，通常会导致常量文件完全不可读。而不是:

If you have access to Java 5+, use enums to define your specific constants for an application area. All parts of the application area should refer to enums, not constant values, for these constants. You may declare an enum similar to how you declare a class. Enums are perhaps the most (and, arguably, only) useful feature of Java 5+. If you have constants that are only valid to a particular class or one of its subclasses, declare them as either protected or public and place them on the top class in the hierarchy. This way, the subclasses can access these constant values (and if other classes access them via public, the constants aren't only valid to a particular class...which means that the external classes using this constant may be too tightly coupled to the class containing the constant) If you have an interface with behavior defined, but returned values or argument values should be particular, it is perfectly acceptible to define constants on that interface so that other implementors will have access to them. However, avoid creating an interface just to hold constants: it can become just as bad as a class created just to hold constants.

那么枚举呢?

有什么不同

1.

public interface MyGlobalConstants {
    public static final int TIMEOUT_IN_SECS = 25;
}

2.

public class MyGlobalConstants {
    private MyGlobalConstants () {} // Prevents instantiation
    public static final int TIMEOUT_IN_SECS = 25;
}

和使用 MyGlobalConstants。TIMEOUT_IN_SECS，我们需要这个常量。我认为两者是一样的。

我更喜欢使用getter而不是常量。这些getter可能返回常量值，例如public int getMaxConnections() {return 10;}，但任何需要常量的东西都将通过getter。

一个好处是，如果您的程序超出了常量的使用范围——您发现它需要可配置——您可以更改getter返回常量的方式。

另一个好处是，为了修改常量，你不必重新编译所有使用它的东西。当引用静态final字段时，该常量的值将被编译到引用它的任何字节码中。

仅仅为了保存常量而使用接口是一种糟糕的做法(Josh Bloch将其命名为常量接口模式)。以下是乔希的建议:

如果常数与 现有的类或接口 是否应该将它们添加到类中 接口。例如，所有的 盒装的数字基元类， 如Integer和Double，导出 MIN_VALUE和MAX_VALUE常量。如果 这些常数最好看成 枚举类型的成员 应该用enum导出它们吗 类型。否则，您应该导出 带有不可实例化对象的常量 实用程序类。

例子:

// Constant utility class
package com.effectivejava.science;
public class PhysicalConstants {
    private PhysicalConstants() { }  // Prevents instantiation

    public static final double AVOGADROS_NUMBER   = 6.02214199e23;
    public static final double BOLTZMANN_CONSTANT = 1.3806503e-23;
    public static final double ELECTRON_MASS      = 9.10938188e-31;
}

关于命名约定:

按照惯例，这些字段有名称 由大写字母组成的 用下划线分隔的单词。它是 重要的是，这些字段包含 要么是原始值，要么是引用 到不可变对象。