上面的许多答案(以及这个问题的副本)依赖于安装。包装是不好的形式。从文档中可以看到:

当安装了数千个包时，这可能会很慢，所以不要使用它来查找是否安装了指定的包(使用system. exe)。或者查找一个包是否可用(调用require并检查返回值)，或者查找少量包的详细信息(使用packageDescription)。每个安装的包需要读取几个文件，这在Windows和一些网络挂载的文件系统上会很慢。

因此，更好的方法是尝试使用require和install加载包，如果加载失败(如果没有找到require将返回FALSE)。我更喜欢这样的实现:

using<-function(...) {
    libs<-unlist(list(...))
    req<-unlist(lapply(libs,require,character.only=TRUE))
    need<-libs[req==FALSE]
    if(length(need)>0){ 
        install.packages(need)
        lapply(need,require,character.only=TRUE)
    }
}

可以这样使用:

using("RCurl","ggplot2","jsonlite","magrittr")

通过这种方式，它加载所有的包，然后返回并安装所有丢失的包(如果您愿意，可以在这里插入提示，询问用户是否想要安装包)。而不是调用install。对于每个包，它只传递一次卸载包的整个向量。

下面是相同的函数，但是有一个窗口对话框，询问用户是否想要安装缺少的包

using<-function(...) {
    libs<-unlist(list(...))
    req<-unlist(lapply(libs,require,character.only=TRUE))
    need<-libs[req==FALSE]
    n<-length(need)
    if(n>0){
        libsmsg<-if(n>2) paste(paste(need[1:(n-1)],collapse=", "),",",sep="") else need[1]
        print(libsmsg)
        if(n>1){
            libsmsg<-paste(libsmsg," and ", need[n],sep="")
        }
        libsmsg<-paste("The following packages could not be found: ",libsmsg,"\n\r\n\rInstall missing packages?",collapse="")
        if(winDialog(type = c("yesno"), libsmsg)=="YES"){       
            install.packages(need)
            lapply(need,require,character.only=TRUE)
        }
    }
}

我使用以下将检查包是否安装和依赖项是否更新，然后加载包。

p<-c('ggplot2','Rcpp')
install_package<-function(pack)
{if(!(pack %in% row.names(installed.packages())))
{
  update.packages(ask=F)
  install.packages(pack,dependencies=T)
}
 require(pack,character.only=TRUE)
}
for(pack in p) {install_package(pack)}

completeFun <- function(data, desiredCols) {
  completeVec <- complete.cases(data[, desiredCols])
  return(data[completeVec, ])
}

 48 lapply_install_and_load <- function (package1, ...)
 49 {
 50     #
 51     # convert arguments to vector
 52     #
 53     packages <- c(package1, ...)
 54     #
 55     # check if loaded and installed
 56     #
 57     loaded        <- packages %in% (.packages())
 58     names(loaded) <- packages
 59     #
 60     installed        <- packages %in% rownames(installed.packages())
 61     names(installed) <- packages
 62     #
 63     # start loop to determine if each package is installed
 64     #
 65     load_it <- function (p, loaded, installed)
 66     {
 67         if (loaded[p])
 68         {
 69             print(paste(p, "loaded"))
 70         }
 71         else
 72         {
 73             print(paste(p, "not loaded"))
 74             if (installed[p])
 75             {
 76                 print(paste(p, "installed"))
 77                 do.call("library", list(p))
 78             }
 79             else
 80             {
 81                 print(paste(p, "not installed"))
 82                 install.packages(p)
 83                 do.call("library", list(p))
 84             }
 85         }
 86     }
 87     #
 88     lapply(packages, load_it, loaded, installed)
 89 }

  packages_installed <- function(pkg_list){
        pkgs <- unlist(pkg_list)
        req <- unlist(lapply(pkgs, require, character.only = TRUE))
        not_installed <- pkgs[req == FALSE]
        lapply(not_installed, install.packages, 
               repos = "http://cran.r-project.org")# add lib.loc if needed
        lapply(pkgs, library, character.only = TRUE)
}

library <- function(x){
  x = toString(substitute(x))
if(!require(x,character.only=TRUE)){
  install.packages(x)
  base::library(x,character.only=TRUE)
}}

这适用于不带引号的包名，并且相当优雅(参见GeoObserver的答案)

下面是我的代码:

packages <- c("dplyr", "gridBase", "gridExtra")
package_loader <- function(x){
    for (i in 1:length(x)){
        if (!identical((x[i], installed.packages()[x[i],1])){
            install.packages(x[i], dep = TRUE)
        } else {
            require(x[i], character.only = TRUE)
        }
    }
}
package_loader(packages)