在我的例子中，我想要一个可以从命令行(实际上是通过Makefile)运行的一行程序。下面是一个安装“VGAM”和“feather”的例子，如果它们还没有安装:

R -e 'for (p in c("VGAM", "feather")) if (!require(p, character.only=TRUE)) install.packages(p, repos="http://cran.us.r-project.org")'

在R内部，它就是:

for (p in c("VGAM", "feather")) if (!require(p, character.only=TRUE)) install.packages(p, repos="http://cran.us.r-project.org")

除了前面的解之外，这里没有别的解:

我只说一句 我硬编码回购参数(以避免任何弹出窗口询问使用的镜像) 我不想费心定义一个在其他地方使用的函数

还要注意重要的字符。only=TRUE(如果没有它，require将尝试加载包p)。

下面是我的代码:

packages <- c("dplyr", "gridBase", "gridExtra")
package_loader <- function(x){
    for (i in 1:length(x)){
        if (!identical((x[i], installed.packages()[x[i],1])){
            install.packages(x[i], dep = TRUE)
        } else {
            require(x[i], character.only = TRUE)
        }
    }
}
package_loader(packages)

我使用以下函数安装包，如果require("<包>")退出包未发现错误。它将查询- CRAN和Bioconductor存储库，以查找丢失的包。

改编自约书亚·威利的原著， http://r.789695.n4.nabble.com/Install-package-automatically-if-not-there-td2267532.html

install.packages.auto <- function(x) { 
  x <- as.character(substitute(x)) 
  if(isTRUE(x %in% .packages(all.available=TRUE))) { 
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("require(\"%s\")", x)))
  } else { 
    #update.packages(ask= FALSE) #update installed packages.
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("install.packages(\"%s\", dependencies = TRUE)", x)))
  }
  if(isTRUE(x %in% .packages(all.available=TRUE))) { 
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("require(\"%s\")", x)))
  } else {
    source("http://bioconductor.org/biocLite.R")
    #biocLite(character(), ask=FALSE) #update installed packages.
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("biocLite(\"%s\")", x)))
    eval(parse(text = sprintf("require(\"%s\")", x)))
  }
}

例子:

install.packages.auto(qvalue) # from bioconductor
install.packages.auto(rNMF) # from CRAN

注:更新。packages(ask =FALSE) & biocLite(character()， ask=FALSE)将更新系统上所有已安装的软件包。这可能需要很长时间，并将其视为一个完整的R升级，这可能并不总是有保障的!

虽然Shane的回答很好，但对于我的一个项目，我需要自动删除输出消息、警告和安装包。我终于设法得到这个脚本:

InstalledPackage <- function(package) 
{
    available <- suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(sapply(package, require, quietly = TRUE, character.only = TRUE, warn.conflicts = FALSE)))
    missing <- package[!available]
    if (length(missing) > 0) return(FALSE)
    return(TRUE)
}

CRANChoosen <- function()
{
    return(getOption("repos")["CRAN"] != "@CRAN@")
}

UsePackage <- function(package, defaultCRANmirror = "http://cran.at.r-project.org") 
{
    if(!InstalledPackage(package))
    {
        if(!CRANChoosen())
        {       
            chooseCRANmirror()
            if(!CRANChoosen())
            {
                options(repos = c(CRAN = defaultCRANmirror))
            }
        }

        suppressMessages(suppressWarnings(install.packages(package)))
        if(!InstalledPackage(package)) return(FALSE)
    }
    return(TRUE)
}

Use:

libraries <- c("ReadImages", "ggplot2")
for(library in libraries) 
{ 
    if(!UsePackage(library))
    {
        stop("Error!", library)
    }
}

使用packrat使共享库完全相同，而不会改变其他环境。

就优雅和最佳实践而言，我认为你从根本上走错了方向。打包程序就是为这些问题而设计的。它是由RStudio由Hadley Wickham开发的。packrat使用自己的目录，将您的程序的所有依赖项安装在其中，而不涉及别人的环境，这样他们就不必安装依赖项并可能弄乱别人的环境系统。

Packrat is a dependency management system for R. R package dependencies can be frustrating. Have you ever had to use trial-and-error to figure out what R packages you need to install to make someone else’s code work–and then been left with those packages globally installed forever, because now you’re not sure whether you need them? Have you ever updated a package to get code in one of your projects to work, only to find that the updated package makes code in another project stop working? We built packrat to solve these problems. Use packrat to make your R projects more: Isolated: Installing a new or updated package for one project won’t break your other projects, and vice versa. That’s because packrat gives each project its own private package library. Portable: Easily transport your projects from one computer to another, even across different platforms. Packrat makes it easy to install the packages your project depends on. Reproducible: Packrat records the exact package versions you depend on, and ensures those exact versions are the ones that get installed wherever you go.

https://rstudio.github.io/packrat/

关于你的主要目标“安装他们还没有的库”。并且不管使用" installed .packages() "”。下面的函数掩码了require的原始函数。它尝试加载和检查命名包“x”，如果它没有安装，直接安装它，包括依赖项;最后正常加载。将函数名从'require'重命名为'library'以保持完整性。唯一的限制是包名应该加引号。

require <- function(x) { 
  if (!base::require(x, character.only = TRUE)) {
  install.packages(x, dep = TRUE) ; 
  base::require(x, character.only = TRUE)
  } 
}

所以你可以加载和安装包的旧时尚的方式R。 要求(“ggplot2”) 要求(“Rcpp”)