我想比较两个数组。。。理想地、有效地。没有什么稀奇古怪的，如果它们是相同的，那就是真的，如果不是，那就是假的。毫不奇怪，比较运算符似乎不起作用。
var a1 = [1,2,3];
var a2 = [1,2,3];
console.log(a1==a2); // Returns false
console.log(JSON.stringify(a1)==JSON.stringify(a2)); // Returns true
JSON对每个数组进行编码，但是否有一种更快或“更好”的方法来简单地比较数组而不必遍历每个值？
当前回答
这是一个棘手的隐式数组相等性检查，但可以在连贯数组到字符串之后立即处理该任务。
var a1 = [1, 2, 3];
var a2 = [1, 2, 3];
var isEqual = a1 <= a2 && a1 >= a2; // true
其他回答
一种简单的方法：
function equals(a, b) {
if ((a && !b) || (!a && b) || (!a && !b) || (a.length !== b.length)) {
return false;
}
var isDifferent = a.some(function (element, index) {
return element !== b[index];
});
return !isDifferent;
}
不清楚你所说的“相同”是什么意思。例如，下面的数组a和b是否相同（请注意嵌套数组）？
var a = ["foo", ["bar"]], b = ["foo", ["bar"]];
这里有一个优化的数组比较函数，它使用严格的相等性依次比较每个数组的对应元素，并且不递归比较本身为数组的数组元素，这意味着对于上面的示例，arraysIncore（a，b）将返回false。它适用于一般情况，而基于JSON和join（）的解决方案不会：
function arraysIdentical(a, b) {
var i = a.length;
if (i != b.length) return false;
while (i--) {
if (a[i] !== b[i]) return false;
}
return true;
};
与JSON.encode相同的行是使用join（）。
function checkArrays( arrA, arrB ){
//check if lengths are different
if(arrA.length !== arrB.length) return false;
//slice so we do not effect the original
//sort makes sure they are in order
//join makes it a string so we can do a string compare
var cA = arrA.slice().sort().join(",");
var cB = arrB.slice().sort().join(",");
return cA===cB;
}
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = [5,4,3,2,1];
var c = [1,2,3,4];
var d = [1,2,3,4,6];
var e = ["1","2","3","4","5"]; //will return true
console.log( checkArrays(a,b) ); //true
console.log( checkArrays(a,c) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,d) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,e) ); //true
唯一的问题是，如果您关心上次比较测试的类型。如果你关心类型，你将不得不循环。
function checkArrays( arrA, arrB ){
//check if lengths are different
if(arrA.length !== arrB.length) return false;
//slice so we do not effect the orginal
//sort makes sure they are in order
var cA = arrA.slice().sort();
var cB = arrB.slice().sort();
for(var i=0;i<cA.length;i++){
if(cA[i]!==cB[i]) return false;
}
return true;
}
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = [5,4,3,2,1];
var c = [1,2,3,4];
var d = [1,2,3,4,6];
var e = ["1","2","3","4","5"];
console.log( checkArrays(a,b) ); //true
console.log( checkArrays(a,c) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,d) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,e) ); //false
如果顺序应该保持不变，而不是循环，则不需要排序。
function checkArrays( arrA, arrB ){
//check if lengths are different
if(arrA.length !== arrB.length) return false;
for(var i=0;i<arrA.length;i++){
if(arrA[i]!==arrB[i]) return false;
}
return true;
}
var a = [1,2,3,4,5];
var b = [5,4,3,2,1];
var c = [1,2,3,4];
var d = [1,2,3,4,6];
var e = ["1","2","3","4","5"];
console.log( checkArrays(a,a) ); //true
console.log( checkArrays(a,b) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,c) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,d) ); //false
console.log( checkArrays(a,e) ); //false
要比较数组，请循环它们并比较每个值：
比较阵列：
// Warn if overriding existing method
if(Array.prototype.equals)
console.warn("Overriding existing Array.prototype.equals. Possible causes: New API defines the method, there's a framework conflict or you've got double inclusions in your code.");
// attach the .equals method to Array's prototype to call it on any array
Array.prototype.equals = function (array) {
// if the other array is a falsy value, return
if (!array)
return false;
// if the argument is the same array, we can be sure the contents are same as well
if(array === this)
return true;
// compare lengths - can save a lot of time
if (this.length != array.length)
return false;
for (var i = 0, l=this.length; i < l; i++) {
// Check if we have nested arrays
if (this[i] instanceof Array && array[i] instanceof Array) {
// recurse into the nested arrays
if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
return false;
}
else if (this[i] != array[i]) {
// Warning - two different object instances will never be equal: {x:20} != {x:20}
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
// Hide method from for-in loops
Object.defineProperty(Array.prototype, "equals", {enumerable: false});
用法：
[1, 2, [3, 4]].equals([1, 2, [3, 2]]) === false;
[1, "2,3"].equals([1, 2, 3]) === false;
[1, 2, [3, 4]].equals([1, 2, [3, 4]]) === true;
[1, 2, 1, 2].equals([1, 2, 1, 2]) === true;
你可能会说“但是比较字符串要快得多——没有循环……”那么你应该注意到有ARE循环。第一个递归循环将数组转换为字符串，第二个递归循环比较两个字符串。因此，此方法比使用字符串更快。
我认为，更大量的数据应该始终存储在数组中，而不是存储在对象中。但是，如果使用对象，也可以对它们进行部分比较。以下是操作方法：
比较对象：
我在上面说过，两个对象实例永远不会相等，即使它们当前包含相同的数据：
({a:1, foo:"bar", numberOfTheBeast: 666}) == ({a:1, foo:"bar", numberOfTheBeast: 666}) //false
这是有原因的，因为例如对象中可能存在私有变量。
但是，如果您只使用对象结构来包含数据，则仍然可以进行比较：
Object.prototype.equals = function(object2) {
//For the first loop, we only check for types
for (propName in this) {
//Check for inherited methods and properties - like .equals itself
//https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Object/hasOwnProperty
//Return false if the return value is different
if (this.hasOwnProperty(propName) != object2.hasOwnProperty(propName)) {
return false;
}
//Check instance type
else if (typeof this[propName] != typeof object2[propName]) {
//Different types => not equal
return false;
}
}
//Now a deeper check using other objects property names
for(propName in object2) {
//We must check instances anyway, there may be a property that only exists in object2
//I wonder, if remembering the checked values from the first loop would be faster or not
if (this.hasOwnProperty(propName) != object2.hasOwnProperty(propName)) {
return false;
}
else if (typeof this[propName] != typeof object2[propName]) {
return false;
}
//If the property is inherited, do not check any more (it must be equa if both objects inherit it)
if(!this.hasOwnProperty(propName))
continue;
//Now the detail check and recursion
//This returns the script back to the array comparing
/**REQUIRES Array.equals**/
if (this[propName] instanceof Array && object2[propName] instanceof Array) {
// recurse into the nested arrays
if (!this[propName].equals(object2[propName]))
return false;
}
else if (this[propName] instanceof Object && object2[propName] instanceof Object) {
// recurse into another objects
//console.log("Recursing to compare ", this[propName],"with",object2[propName], " both named \""+propName+"\"");
if (!this[propName].equals(object2[propName]))
return false;
}
//Normal value comparison for strings and numbers
else if(this[propName] != object2[propName]) {
return false;
}
}
//If everything passed, let's say YES
return true;
}
然而，请记住，这一个用于比较类似JSON的数据，而不是类实例和其他东西。如果你想比较更复杂的对象，看看这个答案，它是一个超长函数。要使用Array.equals实现此功能，必须稍微编辑原始函数：
...
// Check if we have nested arrays
if (this[i] instanceof Array && array[i] instanceof Array) {
// recurse into the nested arrays
if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
return false;
}
/**REQUIRES OBJECT COMPARE**/
else if (this[i] instanceof Object && array[i] instanceof Object) {
// recurse into another objects
//console.log("Recursing to compare ", this[propName],"with",object2[propName], " both named \""+propName+"\"");
if (!this[i].equals(array[i]))
return false;
}
else if (this[i] != array[i]) {
...
我为这两个功能制作了一个小测试工具。
附加：带有indexOf和包含的嵌套数组
Samy Bencherif为您在嵌套数组中搜索特定对象的情况准备了有用的函数，这些函数在这里提供：https://jsfiddle.net/SamyBencherif/8352y6yw/
我的解决方案比较对象，而不是数组。这将以与Tomáš相同的方式工作，因为数组是对象，但没有警告：
Object.prototype.compare_to = function(comparable){
// Is the value being compared an object
if(comparable instanceof Object){
// Count the amount of properties in @comparable
var count_of_comparable = 0;
for(p in comparable) count_of_comparable++;
// Loop through all the properties in @this
for(property in this){
// Decrements once for every property in @this
count_of_comparable--;
// Prevents an infinite loop
if(property != "compare_to"){
// Is the property in @comparable
if(property in comparable){
// Is the property also an Object
if(this[property] instanceof Object){
// Compare the properties if yes
if(!(this[property].compare_to(comparable[property]))){
// Return false if the Object properties don't match
return false;
}
// Are the values unequal
} else if(this[property] !== comparable[property]){
// Return false if they are unequal
return false;
}
} else {
// Return false if the property is not in the object being compared
return false;
}
}
}
} else {
// Return false if the value is anything other than an object
return false;
}
// Return true if their are as many properties in the comparable object as @this
return count_of_comparable == 0;
}
