您可以尝试扫描程序和文件类，几行解决方案

 try
{
  String content = new Scanner(new File("file.txt")).useDelimiter("\\Z").next();
  System.out.println(content);
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
  System.out.println("not found!");
}

使用JDK 8或更高版本：

未使用外部库

您可以从文件内容创建一个新的String对象（使用java.nio.file包中的类）：

public String readStringFromFile(String filePath) throws IOException {
    String fileContent = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(filePath)));
    return fileContent;
}

自JDK 11以来：

String file = ...
Path path = Paths.get(file);
String content = Files.readString(path);
// Or readString(path, someCharset), if you need a Charset different from UTF-8

同一主题上有一个变体，它使用for循环而不是while循环来限制行变量的范围。是否“更好”取决于个人品味。

for(String line = reader.readLine(); line != null; line = reader.readLine()) {
    stringBuilder.append(line);
    stringBuilder.append(ls);
}

该代码将规范换行符，这可能是您真正想要做的，也可能不是。

这里有一个替代方案，它没有做到这一点，而且比NIO代码更容易理解（IMO）（尽管它仍然使用java.NIO.charset.charset）：

public static String readFile(String file, String csName)
            throws IOException {
    Charset cs = Charset.forName(csName);
    return readFile(file, cs);
}

public static String readFile(String file, Charset cs)
            throws IOException {
    // No real need to close the BufferedReader/InputStreamReader
    // as they're only wrapping the stream
    FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(file);
    try {
        Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, cs));
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        char[] buffer = new char[8192];
        int read;
        while ((read = reader.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) > 0) {
            builder.append(buffer, 0, read);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    } finally {
        // Potential issue here: if this throws an IOException,
        // it will mask any others. Normally I'd use a utility
        // method which would log exceptions and swallow them
        stream.close();
    }        
}

如果您正在寻找不涉及第三方库（例如Commons I/O）的替代方案，可以使用Scanner类：

private String readFile(String pathname) throws IOException {

    File file = new File(pathname);
    StringBuilder fileContents = new StringBuilder((int)file.length());        

    try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file)) {
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            fileContents.append(scanner.nextLine() + System.lineSeparator());
        }
        return fileContents.toString();
    }
}