我已经用下面这个成语有一段时间了。这似乎是传播最广的,至少在我访问过的网站上。

在Java中有没有更好/不同的方法将文件读入字符串?

private String readFile(String file) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader (file));
    String         line = null;
    StringBuilder  stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    String         ls = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    try {
        while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(line);
            stringBuilder.append(ls);
        }

        return stringBuilder.toString();
    } finally {
        reader.close();
    }
}

当前回答

您可以尝试扫描程序和文件类,几行解决方案

 try
{
  String content = new Scanner(new File("file.txt")).useDelimiter("\\Z").next();
  System.out.println(content);
}
catch(FileNotFoundException e)
{
  System.out.println("not found!");
}

其他回答

如果您正在寻找不涉及第三方库(例如Commons I/O)的替代方案,可以使用Scanner类:

private String readFile(String pathname) throws IOException {

    File file = new File(pathname);
    StringBuilder fileContents = new StringBuilder((int)file.length());        

    try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file)) {
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            fileContents.append(scanner.nextLine() + System.lineSeparator());
        }
        return fileContents.toString();
    }
}

此外,如果您的文件恰好位于jar中,您也可以使用此选项:

public String fromFileInJar(String path) {
    try ( Scanner scanner 
            = new Scanner(getClass().getResourceAsStream(path))) {
        return scanner.useDelimiter("\\A").next();
    }
}

例如,如果您的jar是

my.jar/com/some/thing/a.txt

然后你想这样调用它:

String myTxt = fromFileInJar("/com/com/thing/a.txt");

使用此库时,只有一行:

String data = IO.from(new File("data.txt")).toString();

该代码将规范换行符,这可能是您真正想要做的,也可能不是。

这里有一个替代方案,它没有做到这一点,而且比NIO代码更容易理解(IMO)(尽管它仍然使用java.NIO.charset.charset):

public static String readFile(String file, String csName)
            throws IOException {
    Charset cs = Charset.forName(csName);
    return readFile(file, cs);
}

public static String readFile(String file, Charset cs)
            throws IOException {
    // No real need to close the BufferedReader/InputStreamReader
    // as they're only wrapping the stream
    FileInputStream stream = new FileInputStream(file);
    try {
        Reader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(stream, cs));
        StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
        char[] buffer = new char[8192];
        int read;
        while ((read = reader.read(buffer, 0, buffer.length)) > 0) {
            builder.append(buffer, 0, read);
        }
        return builder.toString();
    } finally {
        // Potential issue here: if this throws an IOException,
        // it will mask any others. Normally I'd use a utility
        // method which would log exceptions and swallow them
        stream.close();
    }        
}

如果是文本文件,为什么不使用apachecommons io?

它有以下方法

public static String readFileToString(File file) throws IOException

如果要将行作为列表,请使用

public static List<String> readLines(File file) throws IOException