我已经用下面这个成语有一段时间了。这似乎是传播最广的,至少在我访问过的网站上。

在Java中有没有更好/不同的方法将文件读入字符串?

private String readFile(String file) throws IOException {
    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader (file));
    String         line = null;
    StringBuilder  stringBuilder = new StringBuilder();
    String         ls = System.getProperty("line.separator");

    try {
        while((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
            stringBuilder.append(line);
            stringBuilder.append(ls);
        }

        return stringBuilder.toString();
    } finally {
        reader.close();
    }
}

当前回答

对于Java 7,这是我读取UTF-8文件的首选选项:

String content = new String(Files.readAllBytes(Paths.get(filename)), "UTF-8");

自Java7以来,JDK有了新的Java.nio.file API,它提供了许多快捷方式,因此简单的文件操作并不总是需要第三方库。


由于人们仍然对这个答案投赞成票,这里有一个在Java 11中引入的更好的解决方案:

String content = Files.readString(path);

其他回答

public static String slurp (final File file)
throws IOException {
    StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder();

    BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new FileReader(file));

    try {
        char[] buf = new char[1024];

        int r = 0;

        while ((r = reader.read(buf)) != -1) {
            result.append(buf, 0, r);
        }
    }
    finally {
        reader.close();
    }

    return result.toString();
}

自JDK 11以来:

String file = ...
Path path = Paths.get(file);
String content = Files.readString(path);
// Or readString(path, someCharset), if you need a Charset different from UTF-8

这一个使用RandomAccessFile.readFully方法,它似乎可以从JDK 1.0中获得!

public static String readFileContent(String filename, Charset charset) throws IOException {
    RandomAccessFile raf = null;
    try {
        raf = new RandomAccessFile(filename, "r");
        byte[] buffer = new byte[(int)raf.length()];
        raf.readFully(buffer);
        return new String(buffer, charset);
    } finally {
        closeStream(raf);
    }
} 


private static void closeStream(Closeable c) {
    if (c != null) {
        try {
            c.close();
        } catch (IOException ex) {
            // do nothing
        }
    }
}

使用此库时,只有一行:

String data = IO.from(new File("data.txt")).toString();

如果您正在寻找不涉及第三方库(例如Commons I/O)的替代方案,可以使用Scanner类:

private String readFile(String pathname) throws IOException {

    File file = new File(pathname);
    StringBuilder fileContents = new StringBuilder((int)file.length());        

    try (Scanner scanner = new Scanner(file)) {
        while(scanner.hasNextLine()) {
            fileContents.append(scanner.nextLine() + System.lineSeparator());
        }
        return fileContents.toString();
    }
}