还有argparse stdlib模块(对stdlib的optparse模块的“改进”)。示例来自argparse的介绍:

# script.py
import argparse

if __name__ == '__main__':
    parser = argparse.ArgumentParser()
    parser.add_argument(
        'integers', metavar='int', type=int, choices=range(10),
         nargs='+', help='an integer in the range 0..9')
    parser.add_argument(
        '--sum', dest='accumulate', action='store_const', const=sum,
        default=max, help='sum the integers (default: find the max)')

    args = parser.parse_args()
    print(args.accumulate(args.integers))

用法:

$ script.py 1 2 3 4
4

$ script.py --sum 1 2 3 4
10

docopt库非常漂亮。它为你的应用程序从usage字符串中构建一个参数dict。

来自docopt自述文件:

"""Naval Fate.

Usage:
  naval_fate.py ship new <name>...
  naval_fate.py ship <name> move <x> <y> [--speed=<kn>]
  naval_fate.py ship shoot <x> <y>
  naval_fate.py mine (set|remove) <x> <y> [--moored | --drifting]
  naval_fate.py (-h | --help)
  naval_fate.py --version

Options:
  -h --help     Show this screen.
  --version     Show version.
  --speed=<kn>  Speed in knots [default: 10].
  --moored      Moored (anchored) mine.
  --drifting    Drifting mine.

"""
from docopt import docopt


if __name__ == '__main__':
    arguments = docopt(__doc__, version='Naval Fate 2.0')
    print(arguments)

一种方法是使用sys.argv。这将打印脚本名称作为第一个参数以及传递给它的所有其他参数。

import sys

for arg in sys.argv:
    print arg

只是四处宣传argparse，因为这些原因它更好。从本质上讲:

(从链接复制)

argparse module can handle positional and optional arguments, while optparse can handle only optional arguments argparse isn’t dogmatic about what your command line interface should look like - options like -file or /file are supported, as are required options. Optparse refuses to support these features, preferring purity over practicality argparse produces more informative usage messages, including command-line usage determined from your arguments, and help messages for both positional and optional arguments. The optparse module requires you to write your own usage string, and has no way to display help for positional arguments. argparse supports action that consume a variable number of command-line args, while optparse requires that the exact number of arguments (e.g. 1, 2, or 3) be known in advance argparse supports parsers that dispatch to sub-commands, while optparse requires setting allow_interspersed_args and doing the parser dispatch manually

我个人最喜欢的是:

Argparse允许类型和 add_argument()的操作参数 用simple指定 调用对象，而optparse需要 破解类属性，比如 获取STORE_ACTIONS或CHECK_METHODS 正确的参数检查

import sys

# Command line arguments are stored into sys.argv
# print(sys.argv[1:])

# I used the slice [1:] to print all the elements except the first
# This because the first element of sys.argv is the program name
# So the first argument is sys.argv[1], the second is sys.argv[2] ecc

print("File name: " + sys.argv[0])
print("Arguments:")
for i in sys.argv[1:]:
    print(i)

让我们把这个文件命名为command_line.py，然后运行它:

C:\Users\simone> python command_line.py arg1 arg2 arg3 ecc
File name: command_line.py
Arguments:
arg1
arg2
arg3
ecc

现在让我们写一个简单的程序sum.py:

import sys

try:
    print(sum(map(float, sys.argv[1:])))
except:
    print("An error has occurred")

结果:

C:\Users\simone> python sum.py 10 4 6 3
23

import sys

print("\n".join(sys.argv))

sys。Argv是一个列表，它包含在命令行上传递给脚本的所有参数。sys。Argv[0]为脚本名称。

基本上,

import sys
print(sys.argv[1:])