本质上，你没有使用__slots__。

当你认为你可能需要__slots__时，你实际上想要使用轻量级或Flyweight设计模式。在这些情况下，您不再希望使用纯Python对象。相反，您需要一个Python类对象的包装器来包装数组、结构体或numpy数组。

class Flyweight(object):

    def get(self, theData, index):
        return theData[index]

    def set(self, theData, index, value):
        theData[index]= value

类包装器没有属性——它只提供作用于底层数据的方法。方法可以简化为类方法。实际上，它可以简化为仅对底层数据数组进行操作的函数。

如果你要实例化很多(成百上千)同一个类的对象，你会想要使用__slots__。__slots__仅作为内存优化工具存在。

强烈建议使用__slots__来约束属性创建。

使用__slots__ pickle对象将无法使用默认的(最古老的)pickle协议;有必要指定一个更高的版本。

python的其他一些自省特性也可能受到不利影响。

除了其他答案，__slots__还通过将属性限制在预定义的列表中增加了一点排版安全性。这一直是JavaScript的一个问题，它还允许您向现有对象添加新属性，无论您是否有意。

下面是一个普通的unslot对象，它什么都不做，但是允许你添加属性:

class Unslotted:
    pass
test = Unslotted()
test.name = 'Fred'
test.Name = 'Wilma'

由于Python是区分大小写的，所以拼写相同但大小写不同的两个属性是不同的。如果你怀疑其中一个是打字错误，那就太倒霉了。

使用插槽，你可以限制它:

class Slotted:
    __slots__ = ('name')
    pass
test = Slotted()
test.name = 'Fred'      #   OK
test.Name = 'Wilma'     #   Error

这一次，第二个属性(Name)是不允许的，因为它不在__slots__集合中。

我建议在可能的情况下使用__slots__更好，以保持对对象的更多控制。

引用雅各布·海伦的话:

The proper use of __slots__ is to save space in objects. Instead of having a dynamic dict that allows adding attributes to objects at anytime, there is a static structure which does not allow additions after creation. [This use of __slots__ eliminates the overhead of one dict for every object.] While this is sometimes a useful optimization, it would be completely unnecessary if the Python interpreter was dynamic enough so that it would only require the dict when there actually were additions to the object. Unfortunately there is a side effect to slots. They change the behavior of the objects that have slots in a way that can be abused by control freaks and static typing weenies. This is bad, because the control freaks should be abusing the metaclasses and the static typing weenies should be abusing decorators, since in Python, there should be only one obvious way of doing something. Making CPython smart enough to handle saving space without __slots__ is a major undertaking, which is probably why it is not on the list of changes for P3k (yet).

本质上，你没有使用__slots__。

当你认为你可能需要__slots__时，你实际上想要使用轻量级或Flyweight设计模式。在这些情况下，您不再希望使用纯Python对象。相反，您需要一个Python类对象的包装器来包装数组、结构体或numpy数组。

class Flyweight(object):

    def get(self, theData, index):
        return theData[index]

    def set(self, theData, index, value):
        theData[index]= value

类包装器没有属性——它只提供作用于底层数据的方法。方法可以简化为类方法。实际上，它可以简化为仅对底层数据数组进行操作的函数。

Another somewhat obscure use of __slots__ is to add attributes to an object proxy from the ProxyTypes package, formerly part of the PEAK project. Its ObjectWrapper allows you to proxy another object, but intercept all interactions with the proxied object. It is not very commonly used (and no Python 3 support), but we have used it to implement a thread-safe blocking wrapper around an async implementation based on tornado that bounces all access to the proxied object through the ioloop, using thread-safe concurrent.Future objects to synchronise and return results.

默认情况下，对代理对象的任何属性访问都将为您提供代理对象的结果。如果你需要在代理对象上添加一个属性，可以使用__slots__。

from peak.util.proxies import ObjectWrapper

class Original(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.name = 'The Original'

class ProxyOriginal(ObjectWrapper):

    __slots__ = ['proxy_name']

    def __init__(self, subject, proxy_name):
        # proxy_info attributed added directly to the
        # Original instance, not the ProxyOriginal instance
        self.proxy_info = 'You are proxied by {}'.format(proxy_name)

        # proxy_name added to ProxyOriginal instance, since it is
        # defined in __slots__
        self.proxy_name = proxy_name

        super(ProxyOriginal, self).__init__(subject)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    original = Original()
    proxy = ProxyOriginal(original, 'Proxy Overlord')

    # Both statements print "The Original"
    print "original.name: ", original.name
    print "proxy.name: ", proxy.name

    # Both statements below print 
    # "You are proxied by Proxy Overlord", since the ProxyOriginal
    # __init__ sets it to the original object 
    print "original.proxy_info: ", original.proxy_info
    print "proxy.proxy_info: ", proxy.proxy_info

    # prints "Proxy Overlord"
    print "proxy.proxy_name: ", proxy.proxy_name
    # Raises AttributeError since proxy_name is only set on 
    # the proxy object
    print "original.proxy_name: ", proxy.proxy_name