如何在Java中初始化一个静态Map ?

方法一:静态初始化器 方法二:实例初始化器(匿名子类) 或 还有别的方法吗?

它们各自的优点和缺点是什么?

下面是一个例子来说明这两种方法:

import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

public class Test {
    private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = new HashMap<>();
    static {
        myMap.put(1, "one");
        myMap.put(2, "two");
    }

    private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap2 = new HashMap<>(){
        {
            put(1, "one");
            put(2, "two");
        }
    };
}

当前回答

Java 9

我们可以用地图。ofEntries,调用Map。条目(k, v)来创建每个条目。

import static java.util.Map.entry;
private static final Map<Integer,String> map = Map.ofEntries(
        entry(1, "one"),
        entry(2, "two"),
        entry(3, "three"),
        entry(4, "four"),
        entry(5, "five"),
        entry(6, "six"),
        entry(7, "seven"),
        entry(8, "eight"),
        entry(9, "nine"),
        entry(10, "ten"));

我们也可以使用Map。如Tagir在他的回答中所建议的,但我们不能使用Map.of有超过10个条目。

Java 8

我们可以创建一个映射条目流。在java.util.AbstractMap中我们已经有两个Entry的实现,它们是SimpleEntry和SimpleImmutableEntry。在这个例子中,我们可以使用former as:

import java.util.AbstractMap.*;
private static final Map<Integer, String> myMap = Stream.of(
            new SimpleEntry<>(1, "one"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(2, "two"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(3, "three"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(4, "four"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(5, "five"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(6, "six"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(7, "seven"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(8, "eight"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(9, "nine"),
            new SimpleEntry<>(10, "ten"))
            .collect(Collectors.toMap(SimpleEntry::getKey, SimpleEntry::getValue));
            

其他回答

和往常一样,apache-commons有合适的方法MapUtils。putAll(地图、对象[]):

例如,要创建一个彩色地图:

Map<String, String> colorMap = MapUtils.putAll(new HashMap<String, String>(), new String[][] {
     {"RED", "#FF0000"},
     {"GREEN", "#00FF00"},
     {"BLUE", "#0000FF"}
 });

Java 8与流:

    private static final Map<String, TemplateOpts> templates = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        Arrays.stream(new String[][]{
                {CUSTOMER_CSV, "Plantilla cliente", "csv"}
        }).forEach(f -> templates.put(f[0], new TemplateOpts(f[1], f[2])));
    }

它也可以是Object[][],用于在forEach循环中放入任何东西并将其映射

我喜欢使用静态初始化“技术”,当我有一个抽象类的具体实现,它定义了一个初始化构造函数,但没有默认构造函数,但我希望我的子类有一个默认构造函数。

例如:

public abstract class Shape {

    public static final String COLOR_KEY = "color_key";
    public static final String OPAQUE_KEY = "opaque_key";

    private final String color;
    private final Boolean opaque;

    /**
     * Initializing constructor - note no default constructor.
     *
     * @param properties a collection of Shape properties
     */
    public Shape(Map<String, Object> properties) {
        color = ((String) properties.getOrDefault(COLOR_KEY, "black"));
        opaque = (Boolean) properties.getOrDefault(OPAQUE_KEY, false);
    }

    /**
     * Color property accessor method.
     *
     * @return the color of this Shape
     */
    public String getColor() {
        return color;
    }

    /**
     * Opaque property accessor method.
     *
     * @return true if this Shape is opaque, false otherwise
     */
    public Boolean isOpaque() {
        return opaque;
    }
}

以及这个类的具体实现——但它想要/需要一个默认构造函数:

public class SquareShapeImpl extends Shape {

    private static final Map<String, Object> DEFAULT_PROPS = new HashMap<>();

    static {
        DEFAULT_PROPS.put(Shape.COLOR_KEY, "yellow");
        DEFAULT_PROPS.put(Shape.OPAQUE_KEY, false);
    }

    /**
     * Default constructor -- intializes this square to be a translucent yellow
     */
    public SquareShapeImpl() {
        // the static initializer was useful here because the call to 
        // this(...) must be the first statement in this constructor
        // i.e., we can't be mucking around and creating a map here
        this(DEFAULT_PROPS);
    }

    /**
     * Initializing constructor -- create a Square with the given
     * collection of properties.
     *
     * @param props a collection of properties for this SquareShapeImpl
     */
    public SquareShapeImpl(Map<String, Object> props) {
        super(props);
    }
}

然后要使用这个默认构造函数,只需执行以下操作:

public class StaticInitDemo {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        // create a translucent, yellow square...
        Shape defaultSquare = new SquareShapeImpl();

        // etc...
    }
}

注意:这个答案实际上属于问题如何直接初始化一个HashMap(在字面上)?但由于在写这篇文章时,它被标记为这篇文章的副本……


在Java 9的Map.of()之前(它也被限制为10个映射),你可以扩展你选择的Map实现,例如:

public class InitHashMap<K, V> extends HashMap<K, V>

重新实现HashMap的构造函数:

public InitHashMap() {
    super();
}

public InitHashMap( int initialCapacity, float loadFactor ) {
    super( initialCapacity, loadFactor );
}

public InitHashMap( int initialCapacity ) {
    super( initialCapacity );
}

public InitHashMap( Map<? extends K, ? extends V> map ) {
    super( map );
}

并添加一个额外的构造函数,它受到Aerthel的答案的启发,但通过使用Object…和<K, V>类型:

public InitHashMap( final Object... keyValuePairs ) {

    if ( keyValuePairs.length % 2 != 0 )
        throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Uneven number of arguments." );

    K key = null;
    int i = -1;

    for ( final Object keyOrValue : keyValuePairs )
        switch ( ++i % 2 ) {
            case 0:  // key
                if ( keyOrValue == null )
                    throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Key[" + (i >>> 1) + "] is <null>." );
                key = (K) keyOrValue;
                continue;
            case 1:  // value
                put( key, (V) keyOrValue );
        }
}

Run

public static void main( final String[] args ) {

    final Map<Integer, String> map = new InitHashMap<>( 1, "First", 2, "Second", 3, "Third" );
    System.out.println( map );
}

输出

{1=First, 2=Second, 3=Third}

你也可以扩展Map接口:

public interface InitMap<K, V> extends Map<K, V> {

    static <K, V> Map<K, V> of( final Object... keyValuePairs ) {

        if ( keyValuePairs.length % 2 != 0 )
            throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Uneven number of arguments." );

        final Map<K, V> map = new HashMap<>( keyValuePairs.length >>> 1, .75f );
        K key = null;
        int i = -1;

        for ( final Object keyOrValue : keyValuePairs )
            switch ( ++i % 2 ) {
                case 0: // key
                    if ( keyOrValue == null )
                        throw new IllegalArgumentException( "Key[" + (i >>> 1) + "] is <null>." );
                    key = (K) keyOrValue;
                    continue;
                case 1: // value
                    map.put( key, (V) keyOrValue );
            }
        return map;
    }
}

Run

public static void main( final String[] args ) {

    System.out.println( InitMap.of( 1, "First", 2, "Second", 3, "Third" ) );
}

输出

{1=First, 2=Second, 3=Third}

这是我最喜欢的

不想(或不能)使用Guava的ImmutableMap.of() 或者我需要一个可变Map 或者我需要从JDK9+的Map.of()中超过10个条目限制

public static <A> Map<String, A> asMap(Object... keysAndValues) {
  return new LinkedHashMap<String, A>() {{
    for (int i = 0; i < keysAndValues.length - 1; i++) {
      put(keysAndValues[i].toString(), (A) keysAndValues[++i]);
    }
  }};
}

它非常紧凑,并且忽略了杂散值(即没有值的最终键)。

用法:

Map<String, String> one = asMap("1stKey", "1stVal", "2ndKey", "2ndVal");
Map<String, Object> two = asMap("1stKey", Boolean.TRUE, "2ndKey", new Integer(2));