PostgreSQL从9.5版本开始使用UPSERT语法，带有ON冲突子句。使用以下语法(类似于MySQL)

INSERT INTO the_table (id, column_1, column_2) 
VALUES (1, 'A', 'X'), (2, 'B', 'Y'), (3, 'C', 'Z')
ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE 
  SET column_1 = excluded.column_1, 
      column_2 = excluded.column_2;

在postgresql的电子邮件组档案中搜索“upsert”，可以在手册中找到一个做你可能想做的事情的例子:

38-2示例。UPDATE/INSERT异常 下面的例子使用异常处理来执行UPDATE或INSERT:

CREATE TABLE db (a INT PRIMARY KEY, b TEXT);

CREATE FUNCTION merge_db(key INT, data TEXT) RETURNS VOID AS
$$
BEGIN
    LOOP
        -- first try to update the key
        -- note that "a" must be unique
        UPDATE db SET b = data WHERE a = key;
        IF found THEN
            RETURN;
        END IF;
        -- not there, so try to insert the key
        -- if someone else inserts the same key concurrently,
        -- we could get a unique-key failure
        BEGIN
            INSERT INTO db(a,b) VALUES (key, data);
            RETURN;
        EXCEPTION WHEN unique_violation THEN
            -- do nothing, and loop to try the UPDATE again
        END;
    END LOOP;
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

SELECT merge_db(1, 'david');
SELECT merge_db(1, 'dennis');

在黑客邮件列表中可能有一个如何批量使用9.1及以上版本的cte的示例:

WITH foos AS (SELECT (UNNEST(%foo[])).*)
updated as (UPDATE foo SET foo.a = foos.a ... RETURNING foo.id)
INSERT INTO foo SELECT foos.* FROM foos LEFT JOIN updated USING(id)
WHERE updated.id IS NULL;

有关更清晰的示例，请参阅a_horis_with_no_name的答案。

根据INSERT语句的PostgreSQL文档，不支持处理ON DUPLICATE KEY情况。这部分语法是一个专有的MySQL扩展。

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION save_user(_id integer, _name character varying)
  RETURNS boolean AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
    UPDATE users SET name = _name WHERE id = _id;
    IF FOUND THEN
        RETURN true;
    END IF;
    BEGIN
        INSERT INTO users (id, name) VALUES (_id, _name);
    EXCEPTION WHEN OTHERS THEN
            UPDATE users SET name = _name WHERE id = _id;
        END;
    RETURN TRUE;
END;

$BODY$
  LANGUAGE plpgsql VOLATILE STRICT

PostgreSQL从9.5版本开始使用UPSERT语法，带有ON冲突子句。使用以下语法(类似于MySQL)

INSERT INTO the_table (id, column_1, column_2) 
VALUES (1, 'A', 'X'), (2, 'B', 'Y'), (3, 'C', 'Z')
ON CONFLICT (id) DO UPDATE 
  SET column_1 = excluded.column_1, 
      column_2 = excluded.column_2;

在postgresql的电子邮件组档案中搜索“upsert”，可以在手册中找到一个做你可能想做的事情的例子:

38-2示例。UPDATE/INSERT异常 下面的例子使用异常处理来执行UPDATE或INSERT:

CREATE TABLE db (a INT PRIMARY KEY, b TEXT);

CREATE FUNCTION merge_db(key INT, data TEXT) RETURNS VOID AS
$$
BEGIN
    LOOP
        -- first try to update the key
        -- note that "a" must be unique
        UPDATE db SET b = data WHERE a = key;
        IF found THEN
            RETURN;
        END IF;
        -- not there, so try to insert the key
        -- if someone else inserts the same key concurrently,
        -- we could get a unique-key failure
        BEGIN
            INSERT INTO db(a,b) VALUES (key, data);
            RETURN;
        EXCEPTION WHEN unique_violation THEN
            -- do nothing, and loop to try the UPDATE again
        END;
    END LOOP;
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;

SELECT merge_db(1, 'david');
SELECT merge_db(1, 'dennis');

在黑客邮件列表中可能有一个如何批量使用9.1及以上版本的cte的示例:

WITH foos AS (SELECT (UNNEST(%foo[])).*)
updated as (UPDATE foo SET foo.a = foos.a ... RETURNING foo.id)
INSERT INTO foo SELECT foos.* FROM foos LEFT JOIN updated USING(id)
WHERE updated.id IS NULL;

有关更清晰的示例，请参阅a_horis_with_no_name的答案。

我用这个函数归并

CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION merge_tabla(key INT, data TEXT)
  RETURNS void AS
$BODY$
BEGIN
    IF EXISTS(SELECT a FROM tabla WHERE a = key)
        THEN
            UPDATE tabla SET b = data WHERE a = key;
        RETURN;
    ELSE
        INSERT INTO tabla(a,b) VALUES (key, data);
        RETURN;
    END IF;
END;
$BODY$
LANGUAGE plpgsql

我在管理帐户设置时遇到了与名称值对相同的问题。 设计标准是不同的客户端可以有不同的设置集。

我的解决方案(类似于JWP)是批量擦除和替换，在应用程序中生成合并记录。

这是非常防弹的，平台无关的，因为每个客户端从来没有超过20个设置，这只是3个相当低负载的db调用——可能是最快的方法。

更新单个行的替代方案——检查异常然后插入——或者两者的某种组合是丑陋的代码，缓慢且经常中断，因为(如上所述)非标准SQL异常处理从一个db更改到另一个db——甚至从一个版本更改到另一个版本。

 #This is pseudo-code - within the application:
 BEGIN TRANSACTION - get transaction lock
 SELECT all current name value pairs where id = $id into a hash record
 create a merge record from the current and update record
  (set intersection where shared keys in new win, and empty values in new are deleted).
 DELETE all name value pairs where id = $id
 COPY/INSERT merged records 
 END TRANSACTION