把这个放到Dockerfile中

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt install -y libgl1-mesa-glx

排队前

COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt

例如

......

RUN apt-get update
RUN apt install -y libgl1-mesa-glx

COPY requirements.txt requirements.txt

......

在我看来，这是一个更好的解决方案。python3-opencv包包含OpenCV的所有系统依赖项。

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y python3-opencv
RUN pip install opencv-python

在缺少各种图形库的非GUI服务器上使用pip3安装opencv后，在centos 8上出现了同样的问题。

DNF安装opencv

拉入所有需要的依赖项。

如果你使用CentOS、RHEL、Fedora或其他使用yum的linux发行版，你将需要:

sudo yum install mesa-libGL -y

尝试安装opencv-python-headless python依赖项而不是opencv-python。这包括一个预编译的二进制轮，没有外部依赖关系(除了numpy)，适用于Docker这样的无头环境。与使用python3-opencv Debian包(及其所有依赖项)相比，这在我的docker映像中节省了近700mb。

包文档讨论了这一点以及相关的(更广泛的)opencv-contrib-python-headless pypi包。

示例重现问题中的ImportError

# docker run -it python:3.9-slim bash -c "pip -q install opencv-python; python -c 'import cv2'"
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
  File "/usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/cv2/__init__.py", line 5, in <module>
    from .cv2 import *
ImportError: libGL.so.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
# docker run -it python:3.9-slim bash -c "pip -q install opencv-python-headless; python -c 'import cv2'"
WARNING: Running pip as the 'root' user can result in broken permissions and conflicting behaviour with the system package manager. It is recommended to use a virtual environment instead: https://pip.pypa.io/warnings/venv

对于树莓派来说，这样写，为我工作:

sudo apt-get install ffmpeg libsm6 libxext6  -y