有什么快速而简单的方法可以确保在给定时间内只有一个shell脚本实例在运行?
当前回答
如果flock的限制,这已经在这篇文章的其他地方描述过了,对你来说不是问题,那么这应该是有效的:
#!/bin/bash
{
# exit if we are unable to obtain a lock; this would happen if
# the script is already running elsewhere
# note: -x (exclusive) is the default
flock -n 100 || exit
# put commands to run here
sleep 100
} 100>/tmp/myjob.lock
其他回答
信号量实用程序使用flock(如上所述,例如by presto8)来实现计数信号量。它支持您想要的任意数量的并发进程。我们使用它来限制各种队列工作者进程的并发级别。
它很像sem,但重量轻得多。(完全披露:我是在发现sem对我们的需求来说太繁重了,而且没有一个简单的计数信号量实用程序可用后写的。)
这个例子是在man flock中解释的,但它需要一些改进,因为我们应该管理bug和退出代码:
#!/bin/bash
#set -e this is useful only for very stupid scripts because script fails when anything command exits with status more than 0 !! without possibility for capture exit codes. not all commands exits >0 are failed.
( #start subprocess
# Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
flock -x -w 10 200
if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then echo Cannot lock!; exit 1; fi
echo $$>>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #for backward lockdir compatibility, notice this command is executed AFTER command bottom ) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock.
# Do stuff
# you can properly manage exit codes with multiple command and process algorithm.
# I suggest throw this all to external procedure than can properly handle exit X commands
) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #exit subprocess
FLOCKEXIT=$? #save exitcode status
#do some finish commands
exit $FLOCKEXIT #return properly exitcode, may be usefull inside external scripts
你可以用另一种方法,列出我过去用过的过程。但这比上面的方法要复杂得多。你应该按ps列出进程,按其名称过滤,附加过滤器grep -v grep清除寄生虫,最后按grep -c计数。和数字比较。这是复杂而不确定的
这个我在任何地方都没有发现,它使用read,我不确切地知道read是否实际上是原子的,但到目前为止它对我来说很有用……它很有趣,因为它只是bash内置的,这是一个进程内实现,你启动locker协进程并使用它的I / O来管理锁,同样可以在进程间完成,只需将目标I / O从locker文件描述符交换到文件系统上的文件描述符(exec 3<>/file && exec 4</file)
## gives locks
locker() {
locked=false
while read l; do
case "$l" in
lock)
if $locked; then
echo false
else
locked=true
echo true
fi
;;
unlock)
if $locked; then
locked=false
echo true
else
echo false
fi
;;
*)
echo false
;;
esac
done
}
## locks
lock() {
local response
echo lock >&${locker[1]}
read -ru ${locker[0]} response
$response && return 0 || return 1
}
## unlocks
unlock() {
local response
echo unlock >&${locker[1]}
read -ru ${locker[0]} response
$response && return 0 || return 1
}
在flock(2)系统调用周围有一个包装器,毫无想象力地称为flock(1)。这使得可靠地获得独占锁相对容易,而不必担心清理等问题。手册页上有一些关于如何在shell脚本中使用它的示例。
如果flock的限制,这已经在这篇文章的其他地方描述过了,对你来说不是问题,那么这应该是有效的:
#!/bin/bash
{
# exit if we are unable to obtain a lock; this would happen if
# the script is already running elsewhere
# note: -x (exclusive) is the default
flock -n 100 || exit
# put commands to run here
sleep 100
} 100>/tmp/myjob.lock