当目标是Debian机器时，我发现lockfile-progs包是一个很好的解决方案。Procmail还附带了一个锁文件工具。然而，有时这两种情况我都无法解决。

下面是我的解决方案，它使用mkdir来检测原子性，并使用PID文件来检测过期的锁。这段代码目前在Cygwin安装环境中运行，运行良好。

要使用它，当您需要独占访问某些东西时，只需调用exclusive_lock_require。一个可选的锁名参数允许您在不同的脚本之间共享锁。如果需要更复杂的功能，还有两个较低级别的函数(exclusive_lock_try和exclusive_lock_retry)。

function exclusive_lock_try() # [lockname]
{

    local LOCK_NAME="${1:-`basename $0`}"

    LOCK_DIR="/tmp/.${LOCK_NAME}.lock"
    local LOCK_PID_FILE="${LOCK_DIR}/${LOCK_NAME}.pid"

    if [ -e "$LOCK_DIR" ]
    then
        local LOCK_PID="`cat "$LOCK_PID_FILE" 2> /dev/null`"
        if [ ! -z "$LOCK_PID" ] && kill -0 "$LOCK_PID" 2> /dev/null
        then
            # locked by non-dead process
            echo "\"$LOCK_NAME\" lock currently held by PID $LOCK_PID"
            return 1
        else
            # orphaned lock, take it over
            ( echo $$ > "$LOCK_PID_FILE" ) 2> /dev/null && local LOCK_PID="$$"
        fi
    fi
    if [ "`trap -p EXIT`" != "" ]
    then
        # already have an EXIT trap
        echo "Cannot get lock, already have an EXIT trap"
        return 1
    fi
    if [ "$LOCK_PID" != "$$" ] &&
        ! ( umask 077 && mkdir "$LOCK_DIR" && umask 177 && echo $$ > "$LOCK_PID_FILE" ) 2> /dev/null
    then
        local LOCK_PID="`cat "$LOCK_PID_FILE" 2> /dev/null`"
        # unable to acquire lock, new process got in first
        echo "\"$LOCK_NAME\" lock currently held by PID $LOCK_PID"
        return 1
    fi
    trap "/bin/rm -rf \"$LOCK_DIR\"; exit;" EXIT

    return 0 # got lock

}

function exclusive_lock_retry() # [lockname] [retries] [delay]
{

    local LOCK_NAME="$1"
    local MAX_TRIES="${2:-5}"
    local DELAY="${3:-2}"

    local TRIES=0
    local LOCK_RETVAL

    while [ "$TRIES" -lt "$MAX_TRIES" ]
    do

        if [ "$TRIES" -gt 0 ]
        then
            sleep "$DELAY"
        fi
        local TRIES=$(( $TRIES + 1 ))

        if [ "$TRIES" -lt "$MAX_TRIES" ]
        then
            exclusive_lock_try "$LOCK_NAME" > /dev/null
        else
            exclusive_lock_try "$LOCK_NAME"
        fi
        LOCK_RETVAL="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"

        if [ "$LOCK_RETVAL" -eq 0 ]
        then
            return 0
        fi

    done

    return "$LOCK_RETVAL"

}

function exclusive_lock_require() # [lockname] [retries] [delay]
{
    if ! exclusive_lock_retry "$@"
    then
        exit 1
    fi
}

下面是一个使用锁文件并将PID回显到锁文件中的实现。如果进程在删除pidfile之前被杀死，这可以起到保护作用:

LOCKFILE=/tmp/lock.txt
if [ -e ${LOCKFILE} ] && kill -0 `cat ${LOCKFILE}`; then
    echo "already running"
    exit
fi

# make sure the lockfile is removed when we exit and then claim it
trap "rm -f ${LOCKFILE}; exit" INT TERM EXIT
echo $$ > ${LOCKFILE}

# do stuff
sleep 1000

rm -f ${LOCKFILE}

这里的技巧是kill -0，它不传递任何信号，只是检查具有给定PID的进程是否存在。此外，调用trap将确保即使进程被杀死(kill -9除外)，锁文件也会被移除。

这个例子是在man flock中解释的，但它需要一些改进，因为我们应该管理bug和退出代码:

   #!/bin/bash
   #set -e this is useful only for very stupid scripts because script fails when anything command exits with status more than 0 !! without possibility for capture exit codes. not all commands exits >0 are failed.

( #start subprocess
  # Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
  flock -x -w 10 200
  if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then echo Cannot lock!; exit 1; fi
  echo $$>>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #for backward lockdir compatibility, notice this command is executed AFTER command bottom  ) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock.
  # Do stuff
  # you can properly manage exit codes with multiple command and process algorithm.
  # I suggest throw this all to external procedure than can properly handle exit X commands

) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock   #exit subprocess

FLOCKEXIT=$?  #save exitcode status
    #do some finish commands

exit $FLOCKEXIT   #return properly exitcode, may be usefull inside external scripts

你可以用另一种方法，列出我过去用过的过程。但这比上面的方法要复杂得多。你应该按ps列出进程，按其名称过滤，附加过滤器grep -v grep清除寄生虫，最后按grep -c计数。和数字比较。这是复杂而不确定的

上面有很多很好的答案。你也可以使用dotlockfile。

这是一些你可以在你的脚本中使用的示例代码:

$LOCKFILENAME=/var/run/test.lock

if ! dotlockfile -l -p -r 2 $LOCKFILENAME
then
    echo "This test process already running!"
    exit 1
fi

又快又脏?

#!/bin/sh

if [ -f sometempfile ]
  echo "Already running... will now terminate."
  exit
else
  touch sometempfile
fi

..do what you want here..

rm sometempfile

使用进程的锁更强大，还可以处理不合理的退出。 只要进程在运行，Lock_file就保持打开状态。一旦进程存在，它将被关闭(通过shell)(即使它被杀死)。 我发现这个方法非常有效:

lock_file=/tmp/`basename $0`.lock

if fuser $lock_file > /dev/null 2>&1; then
    echo "WARNING: Other instance of $(basename $0) running."
    exit 1
fi
exec 3> $lock_file