下面是一个使用锁文件并将PID回显到锁文件中的实现。如果进程在删除pidfile之前被杀死，这可以起到保护作用:

LOCKFILE=/tmp/lock.txt
if [ -e ${LOCKFILE} ] && kill -0 `cat ${LOCKFILE}`; then
    echo "already running"
    exit
fi

# make sure the lockfile is removed when we exit and then claim it
trap "rm -f ${LOCKFILE}; exit" INT TERM EXIT
echo $$ > ${LOCKFILE}

# do stuff
sleep 1000

rm -f ${LOCKFILE}

这里的技巧是kill -0，它不传递任何信号，只是检查具有给定PID的进程是否存在。此外，调用trap将确保即使进程被杀死(kill -9除外)，锁文件也会被移除。

这个我在任何地方都没有发现，它使用read，我不确切地知道read是否实际上是原子的，但到目前为止它对我来说很有用……它很有趣，因为它只是bash内置的，这是一个进程内实现，你启动locker协进程并使用它的I / O来管理锁，同样可以在进程间完成，只需将目标I / O从locker文件描述符交换到文件系统上的文件描述符(exec 3<>/file && exec 4</file)

## gives locks
locker() {
    locked=false
    while read l; do
        case "$l" in
            lock)
                if $locked; then
                    echo false
                else
                    locked=true
                    echo true
                fi
                ;;
            unlock)
                if $locked; then
                    locked=false
                    echo true
                else
                    echo false
                fi
                ;;
            *)
                echo false
                ;;
        esac
    done
}
## locks
lock() {
    local response
    echo lock >&${locker[1]}
    read -ru ${locker[0]} response
    $response && return 0 || return 1
}

## unlocks
unlock() {
    local response
    echo unlock >&${locker[1]}
    read -ru ${locker[0]} response
    $response && return 0 || return 1
}

下面是一个更优雅、更安全、更快速、更脏的方法，结合了上面提供的答案。

使用

包括sh_lock_functions.sh 使用sh_lock_init初始化 使用sh_acquire_lock进行锁定 使用sh_check_lock检查锁 使用sh_remove_lock解锁

脚本文件

sh_lock_functions.sh

#!/bin/bash

function sh_lock_init {
    sh_lock_scriptName=$(basename $0)
    sh_lock_dir="/tmp/${sh_lock_scriptName}.lock" #lock directory
    sh_lock_file="${sh_lock_dir}/lockPid.txt" #lock file
}

function sh_acquire_lock {
    if mkdir $sh_lock_dir 2>/dev/null; then #check for lock
        echo "$sh_lock_scriptName lock acquired successfully.">&2
        touch $sh_lock_file
        echo $$ > $sh_lock_file # set current pid in lockFile
        return 0
    else
        touch $sh_lock_file
        read sh_lock_lastPID < $sh_lock_file
        if [ ! -z "$sh_lock_lastPID" -a -d /proc/$sh_lock_lastPID ]; then # if lastPID is not null and a process with that pid exists
            echo "$sh_lock_scriptName is already running.">&2
            return 1
        else
            echo "$sh_lock_scriptName stopped during execution, reacquiring lock.">&2
            echo $$ > $sh_lock_file # set current pid in lockFile
            return 2
        fi
    fi
    return 0
}

function sh_check_lock {
    [[ ! -f $sh_lock_file ]] && echo "$sh_lock_scriptName lock file removed.">&2 && return 1
    read sh_lock_lastPID < $sh_lock_file
    [[ $sh_lock_lastPID -ne $$ ]] && echo "$sh_lock_scriptName lock file pid has changed.">&2  && return 2
    echo "$sh_lock_scriptName lock still in place.">&2
    return 0
}

function sh_remove_lock {
    rm -r $sh_lock_dir
}

使用的例子

sh_lock_usage_example.sh

#!/bin/bash
. /path/to/sh_lock_functions.sh # load sh lock functions

sh_lock_init || exit $?

sh_acquire_lock
lockStatus=$?
[[ $lockStatus -eq 1 ]] && exit $lockStatus
[[ $lockStatus -eq 2 ]] && echo "lock is set, do some resume from crash procedures";

#monitoring example
cnt=0
while sh_check_lock # loop while lock is in place
do
    echo "$sh_scriptName running (pid $$)"
    sleep 1
    let cnt++
    [[ $cnt -gt 5 ]] && break
done

#remove lock when process finished
sh_remove_lock || exit $?

exit 0

特性

使用文件、目录和进程id的组合来锁定，以确保进程尚未运行 您可以检测脚本是否在删除锁之前停止(例如。进程终止，关闭，错误等) 您可以检查锁文件，并在丢失锁时使用它来触发进程关闭 Verbose，输出错误消息，以便于调试

if [ 1 -ne $(/bin/fuser "$0" 2>/dev/null | wc -w) ]; then
    exit 1
fi

我使用onlineer @脚本的开头:

#!/bin/bash

if [[ $(pgrep -afc "$(basename "$0")") -gt "1" ]]; then echo "Another instance of "$0" has already been started!" && exit; fi
.
the_beginning_of_actual_script

在内存中看到进程的存在是很好的(不管进程的状态是什么);但它对我很有用。

下面这一行的回答来自一个与Ask Ubuntu问答相关的人:

[ "${FLOCKER}" != "$0" ] && exec env FLOCKER="$0" flock -en "$0" "$0" "$@" || :
#     This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts.  Put it at the top  of
#     the  shell script you want to lock and it'll automatically lock itself on
#     the first run.  If the env var $FLOCKER is not set to  the  shell  script
#     that  is being run, then execute flock and grab an exclusive non-blocking
#     lock (using the script itself as the lock file) before re-execing  itself
#     with  the right arguments.  It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right
#     value so it doesn't run again.