有什么快速而简单的方法可以确保在给定时间内只有一个shell脚本实例在运行?
当前回答
我想要去掉锁文件，锁dirs，特殊的锁程序，甚至pidof，因为它不是在所有的Linux安装中都能找到的。还希望有尽可能简单的代码(或至少尽可能少的行)。最简单的if语句，在一行中:
if [[ $(ps axf | awk -v pid=$$ '$1!=pid && $6~/'$(basename $0)'/{print $1}') ]]; then echo "Already running"; exit; fi
其他回答
这个例子是在man flock中解释的，但它需要一些改进，因为我们应该管理bug和退出代码:
#!/bin/bash
#set -e this is useful only for very stupid scripts because script fails when anything command exits with status more than 0 !! without possibility for capture exit codes. not all commands exits >0 are failed.
( #start subprocess
# Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
flock -x -w 10 200
if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then echo Cannot lock!; exit 1; fi
echo $$>>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #for backward lockdir compatibility, notice this command is executed AFTER command bottom ) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock.
# Do stuff
# you can properly manage exit codes with multiple command and process algorithm.
# I suggest throw this all to external procedure than can properly handle exit X commands
) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #exit subprocess
FLOCKEXIT=$? #save exitcode status
#do some finish commands
exit $FLOCKEXIT #return properly exitcode, may be usefull inside external scripts
你可以用另一种方法，列出我过去用过的过程。但这比上面的方法要复杂得多。你应该按ps列出进程，按其名称过滤，附加过滤器grep -v grep清除寄生虫，最后按grep -c计数。和数字比较。这是复杂而不确定的
下面这一行的回答来自一个与Ask Ubuntu问答相关的人:
[ "${FLOCKER}" != "$0" ] && exec env FLOCKER="$0" flock -en "$0" "$0" "$@" || :
# This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts. Put it at the top of
# the shell script you want to lock and it'll automatically lock itself on
# the first run. If the env var $FLOCKER is not set to the shell script
# that is being run, then execute flock and grab an exclusive non-blocking
# lock (using the script itself as the lock file) before re-execing itself
# with the right arguments. It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right
# value so it doesn't run again.
如果您不想或不能使用flock(例如，您没有使用共享文件系统)，请考虑使用外部服务，如lockable。
它暴露了咨询锁原语，就像flock一样。特别地，你可以通过以下方式获取锁:
https://lockable.dev/api/acquire/my-lock-name
然后通过
https://lockable.dev/api/release/my-lock-name
通过将脚本执行与锁获取和释放结合在一起，您可以确保在任何给定时间只有一个流程实例在运行。
试试下面的方法，
ab=`ps -ef | grep -v grep | grep -wc processname`
然后使用if循环将变量与1匹配。
使用进程的锁更强大，还可以处理不合理的退出。 只要进程在运行，Lock_file就保持打开状态。一旦进程存在，它将被关闭(通过shell)(即使它被杀死)。 我发现这个方法非常有效:
lock_file=/tmp/`basename $0`.lock
if fuser $lock_file > /dev/null 2>&1; then
echo "WARNING: Other instance of $(basename $0) running."
exit 1
fi
exec 3> $lock_file
