已经回答了一百万次了，但是另一种方式，不需要外部依赖:

LOCK_FILE="/var/lock/$(basename "$0").pid"
trap "rm -f ${LOCK_FILE}; exit" INT TERM EXIT
if [[ -f $LOCK_FILE && -d /proc/`cat $LOCK_FILE` ]]; then
   // Process already exists
   exit 1
fi
echo $$ > $LOCK_FILE

每次它将当前PID($$)写入锁文件，并在脚本启动时检查进程是否正在使用最新的PID运行。

对于shell脚本，我倾向于使用mkdir而不是flock，因为它使锁更可移植。

不管怎样，使用set -e是不够的。它只在任何命令失败时退出脚本。你的锁还是会留下的。

为了正确的锁清理，你真的应该把你的陷阱设置成这样的伪代码(提取，简化和未经测试，但来自积极使用的脚本):

#=======================================================================
# Predefined Global Variables
#=======================================================================

TMPDIR=/tmp/myapp
[[ ! -d $TMP_DIR ]] \
    && mkdir -p $TMP_DIR \
    && chmod 700 $TMPDIR

LOCK_DIR=$TMP_DIR/lock

#=======================================================================
# Functions
#=======================================================================

function mklock {
    __lockdir="$LOCK_DIR/$(date +%s.%N).$$" # Private Global. Use Epoch.Nano.PID

    # If it can create $LOCK_DIR then no other instance is running
    if $(mkdir $LOCK_DIR)
    then
        mkdir $__lockdir  # create this instance's specific lock in queue
        LOCK_EXISTS=true  # Global
    else
        echo "FATAL: Lock already exists. Another copy is running or manually lock clean up required."
        exit 1001  # Or work out some sleep_while_execution_lock elsewhere
    fi
}

function rmlock {
    [[ ! -d $__lockdir ]] \
        && echo "WARNING: Lock is missing. $__lockdir does not exist" \
        || rmdir $__lockdir
}

#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
# Private Signal Traps Functions {{{2
#
# DANGER: SIGKILL cannot be trapped. So, try not to `kill -9 PID` or 
#         there will be *NO CLEAN UP*. You'll have to manually remove 
#         any locks in place.
#-----------------------------------------------------------------------
function __sig_exit {

    # Place your clean up logic here 

    # Remove the LOCK
    [[ -n $LOCK_EXISTS ]] && rmlock
}

function __sig_int {
    echo "WARNING: SIGINT caught"    
    exit 1002
}

function __sig_quit {
    echo "SIGQUIT caught"
    exit 1003
}

function __sig_term {
    echo "WARNING: SIGTERM caught"    
    exit 1015
}

#=======================================================================
# Main
#=======================================================================

# Set TRAPs
trap __sig_exit EXIT    # SIGEXIT
trap __sig_int INT      # SIGINT
trap __sig_quit QUIT    # SIGQUIT
trap __sig_term TERM    # SIGTERM

mklock

# CODE

exit # No need for cleanup code here being in the __sig_exit trap function

接下来会发生什么。所有陷阱都会产生一个出口，所以__sig_exit函数总是会发生(除非SIGKILL)，它会清理你的锁。

注意:我的退出值不是低值。为什么?各种批处理系统生成或期望数字0到31。将它们设置为其他内容，我可以让我的脚本和批处理流对前一个批处理作业或脚本做出相应的反应。

上面有很多很好的答案。你也可以使用dotlockfile。

这是一些你可以在你的脚本中使用的示例代码:

$LOCKFILENAME=/var/run/test.lock

if ! dotlockfile -l -p -r 2 $LOCKFILENAME
then
    echo "This test process already running!"
    exit 1
fi

if [ 1 -ne $(/bin/fuser "$0" 2>/dev/null | wc -w) ]; then
    exit 1
fi

又快又脏?

#!/bin/sh

if [ -f sometempfile ]
  echo "Already running... will now terminate."
  exit
else
  touch sometempfile
fi

..do what you want here..

rm sometempfile

为什么我们不用像这样的东西

pgrep -f $cmd || $cmd