if [ 1 -ne $(/bin/fuser "$0" 2>/dev/null | wc -w) ]; then
    exit 1
fi

下面这一行的回答来自一个与Ask Ubuntu问答相关的人:

[ "${FLOCKER}" != "$0" ] && exec env FLOCKER="$0" flock -en "$0" "$0" "$@" || :
#     This is useful boilerplate code for shell scripts.  Put it at the top  of
#     the  shell script you want to lock and it'll automatically lock itself on
#     the first run.  If the env var $FLOCKER is not set to  the  shell  script
#     that  is being run, then execute flock and grab an exclusive non-blocking
#     lock (using the script itself as the lock file) before re-execing  itself
#     with  the right arguments.  It also sets the FLOCKER env var to the right
#     value so it doesn't run again.

当目标是Debian机器时，我发现lockfile-progs包是一个很好的解决方案。Procmail还附带了一个锁文件工具。然而，有时这两种情况我都无法解决。

下面是我的解决方案，它使用mkdir来检测原子性，并使用PID文件来检测过期的锁。这段代码目前在Cygwin安装环境中运行，运行良好。

要使用它，当您需要独占访问某些东西时，只需调用exclusive_lock_require。一个可选的锁名参数允许您在不同的脚本之间共享锁。如果需要更复杂的功能，还有两个较低级别的函数(exclusive_lock_try和exclusive_lock_retry)。

function exclusive_lock_try() # [lockname]
{

    local LOCK_NAME="${1:-`basename $0`}"

    LOCK_DIR="/tmp/.${LOCK_NAME}.lock"
    local LOCK_PID_FILE="${LOCK_DIR}/${LOCK_NAME}.pid"

    if [ -e "$LOCK_DIR" ]
    then
        local LOCK_PID="`cat "$LOCK_PID_FILE" 2> /dev/null`"
        if [ ! -z "$LOCK_PID" ] && kill -0 "$LOCK_PID" 2> /dev/null
        then
            # locked by non-dead process
            echo "\"$LOCK_NAME\" lock currently held by PID $LOCK_PID"
            return 1
        else
            # orphaned lock, take it over
            ( echo $$ > "$LOCK_PID_FILE" ) 2> /dev/null && local LOCK_PID="$$"
        fi
    fi
    if [ "`trap -p EXIT`" != "" ]
    then
        # already have an EXIT trap
        echo "Cannot get lock, already have an EXIT trap"
        return 1
    fi
    if [ "$LOCK_PID" != "$$" ] &&
        ! ( umask 077 && mkdir "$LOCK_DIR" && umask 177 && echo $$ > "$LOCK_PID_FILE" ) 2> /dev/null
    then
        local LOCK_PID="`cat "$LOCK_PID_FILE" 2> /dev/null`"
        # unable to acquire lock, new process got in first
        echo "\"$LOCK_NAME\" lock currently held by PID $LOCK_PID"
        return 1
    fi
    trap "/bin/rm -rf \"$LOCK_DIR\"; exit;" EXIT

    return 0 # got lock

}

function exclusive_lock_retry() # [lockname] [retries] [delay]
{

    local LOCK_NAME="$1"
    local MAX_TRIES="${2:-5}"
    local DELAY="${3:-2}"

    local TRIES=0
    local LOCK_RETVAL

    while [ "$TRIES" -lt "$MAX_TRIES" ]
    do

        if [ "$TRIES" -gt 0 ]
        then
            sleep "$DELAY"
        fi
        local TRIES=$(( $TRIES + 1 ))

        if [ "$TRIES" -lt "$MAX_TRIES" ]
        then
            exclusive_lock_try "$LOCK_NAME" > /dev/null
        else
            exclusive_lock_try "$LOCK_NAME"
        fi
        LOCK_RETVAL="${PIPESTATUS[0]}"

        if [ "$LOCK_RETVAL" -eq 0 ]
        then
            return 0
        fi

    done

    return "$LOCK_RETVAL"

}

function exclusive_lock_require() # [lockname] [retries] [delay]
{
    if ! exclusive_lock_retry "$@"
    then
        exit 1
    fi
}

又快又脏?

#!/bin/sh

if [ -f sometempfile ]
  echo "Already running... will now terminate."
  exit
else
  touch sometempfile
fi

..do what you want here..

rm sometempfile

您可以使用GNU Parallel，因为它在作为sem调用时是作为互斥量工作的。所以，具体来说，你可以使用:

sem --id SCRIPTSINGLETON yourScript

如果你也想要一个超时，使用:

sem --id SCRIPTSINGLETON --semaphoretimeout -10 yourScript

如果信号量在超时时间内没有释放，Timeout <0表示退出而不运行脚本，>的Timeout表示仍然运行脚本。

注意，您应该给它一个名称(使用——id)，否则它默认为控制终端。

GNU Parallel在大多数Linux/OSX/Unix平台上是一个非常简单的安装程序——它只是一个Perl脚本。

这个例子是在man flock中解释的，但它需要一些改进，因为我们应该管理bug和退出代码:

   #!/bin/bash
   #set -e this is useful only for very stupid scripts because script fails when anything command exits with status more than 0 !! without possibility for capture exit codes. not all commands exits >0 are failed.

( #start subprocess
  # Wait for lock on /var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock (fd 200) for 10 seconds
  flock -x -w 10 200
  if [ "$?" != "0" ]; then echo Cannot lock!; exit 1; fi
  echo $$>>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock #for backward lockdir compatibility, notice this command is executed AFTER command bottom  ) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock.
  # Do stuff
  # you can properly manage exit codes with multiple command and process algorithm.
  # I suggest throw this all to external procedure than can properly handle exit X commands

) 200>/var/lock/.myscript.exclusivelock   #exit subprocess

FLOCKEXIT=$?  #save exitcode status
    #do some finish commands

exit $FLOCKEXIT   #return properly exitcode, may be usefull inside external scripts

你可以用另一种方法，列出我过去用过的过程。但这比上面的方法要复杂得多。你应该按ps列出进程，按其名称过滤，附加过滤器grep -v grep清除寄生虫，最后按grep -c计数。和数字比较。这是复杂而不确定的