基于@andrew cooke。这个版本处理字典的嵌套列表，还允许选项更新值

def merge(a, b, path=None, update=True):
    "http://stackoverflow.com/questions/7204805/python-dictionaries-of-dictionaries-merge"
    "merges b into a"
    if path is None: path = []
    for key in b:
        if key in a:
            if isinstance(a[key], dict) and isinstance(b[key], dict):
                merge(a[key], b[key], path + [str(key)])
            elif a[key] == b[key]:
                pass # same leaf value
            elif isinstance(a[key], list) and isinstance(b[key], list):
                for idx, val in enumerate(b[key]):
                    a[key][idx] = merge(a[key][idx], b[key][idx], path + [str(key), str(idx)], update=update)
            elif update:
                a[key] = b[key]
            else:
                raise Exception('Conflict at %s' % '.'.join(path + [str(key)]))
        else:
            a[key] = b[key]
    return a

这是我做的递归合并字典到无限深度的解决方案。传递给函数的第一个字典是主字典——其中的值将覆盖第二个字典中相同键的值。

def merge(dict1: dict, dict2: dict) -> dict:
    merged = dict1

    for key in dict2:
        if type(dict2[key]) == dict:
            merged[key] = merge(dict1[key] if key in dict1 else {}, dict2[key])
        else:
            if key not in dict1.keys():
                merged[key] = dict2[key]

    return merged

这个版本的函数将处理N个字典，并且只处理字典——不能传递不恰当的参数，否则将引发TypeError。合并本身解释了键冲突，它不是覆盖来自合并链下的字典的数据，而是创建一组值并追加到该值;没有数据丢失。

它可能不是页面上最有效的，但它是最彻底的，当你合并2到N字典时，你不会丢失任何信息。

def merge_dicts(*dicts):
    if not reduce(lambda x, y: isinstance(y, dict) and x, dicts, True):
        raise TypeError, "Object in *dicts not of type dict"
    if len(dicts) < 2:
        raise ValueError, "Requires 2 or more dict objects"


    def merge(a, b):
        for d in set(a.keys()).union(b.keys()):
            if d in a and d in b:
                if type(a[d]) == type(b[d]):
                    if not isinstance(a[d], dict):
                        ret = list({a[d], b[d]})
                        if len(ret) == 1: ret = ret[0]
                        yield (d, sorted(ret))
                    else:
                        yield (d, dict(merge(a[d], b[d])))
                else:
                    raise TypeError, "Conflicting key:value type assignment"
            elif d in a:
                yield (d, a[d])
            elif d in b:
                yield (d, b[d])
            else:
                raise KeyError

    return reduce(lambda x, y: dict(merge(x, y)), dicts[1:], dicts[0])

print merge_dicts({1:1,2:{1:2}},{1:2,2:{3:1}},{4:4})

输出:{1:[1,2]，2:{1:2,3:1}，4:4}

from collections import defaultdict
from itertools import chain

class DictHelper:

@staticmethod
def merge_dictionaries(*dictionaries, override=True):
    merged_dict = defaultdict(set)
    all_unique_keys = set(chain(*[list(dictionary.keys()) for dictionary in dictionaries]))  # Build a set using all dict keys
    for key in all_unique_keys:
        keys_value_type = list(set(filter(lambda obj_type: obj_type != type(None), [type(dictionary.get(key, None)) for dictionary in dictionaries])))
        # Establish the object type for each key, return None if key is not present in dict and remove None from final result
        if len(keys_value_type) != 1:
            raise Exception("Different objects type for same key: {keys_value_type}".format(keys_value_type=keys_value_type))

        if keys_value_type[0] == list:
            values = list(chain(*[dictionary.get(key, []) for dictionary in dictionaries]))  # Extract the value for each key
            merged_dict[key].update(values)

        elif keys_value_type[0] == dict:
            # Extract all dictionaries by key and enter in recursion
            dicts_to_merge = list(filter(lambda obj: obj != None, [dictionary.get(key, None) for dictionary in dictionaries]))
            merged_dict[key] = DictHelper.merge_dictionaries(*dicts_to_merge)

        else:
            # if override => get value from last dictionary else make a list of all values
            values = list(filter(lambda obj: obj != None, [dictionary.get(key, None) for dictionary in dictionaries]))
            merged_dict[key] = values[-1] if override else values

    return dict(merged_dict)



if __name__ == '__main__':
  d1 = {'aaaaaaaaa': ['to short', 'to long'], 'bbbbb': ['to short', 'to long'], "cccccc": ["the is a test"]}
  d2 = {'aaaaaaaaa': ['field is not a bool'], 'bbbbb': ['field is not a bool']}
  d3 = {'aaaaaaaaa': ['filed is not a string', "to short"], 'bbbbb': ['field is not an integer']}
  print(DictHelper.merge_dictionaries(d1, d2, d3))

  d4 = {"a": {"x": 1, "y": 2, "z": 3, "d": {"x1": 10}}}
  d5 = {"a": {"x": 10, "y": 20, "d": {"x2": 20}}}
  print(DictHelper.merge_dictionaries(d4, d5))

输出:

{'bbbbb': {'to long', 'field is not an integer', 'to short', 'field is not a bool'}, 
'aaaaaaaaa': {'to long', 'to short', 'filed is not a string', 'field is not a bool'}, 
'cccccc': {'the is a test'}}

{'a': {'y': 20, 'd': {'x1': 10, 'x2': 20}, 'z': 3, 'x': 10}}

这应该有助于将所有项从dict2合并到dict1:

for item in dict2:
    if item in dict1:
        for leaf in dict2[item]:
            dict1[item][leaf] = dict2[item][leaf]
    else:
        dict1[item] = dict2[item]

请测试一下，告诉我们这是否是你想要的。

编辑:

上述解决方案只合并了一个级别，但正确地解决了op给出的例子。如果合并多个级别，应该使用递归。

你可以试试mergedeep。

安装

$ pip3 install mergedeep

使用

from mergedeep import merge

a = {"keyA": 1}
b = {"keyB": {"sub1": 10}}
c = {"keyB": {"sub2": 20}}

merge(a, b, c) 

print(a)
# {"keyA": 1, "keyB": {"sub1": 10, "sub2": 20}}

要获得完整的选项列表，请查看文档!