下面的函数将b合并为a。

def mergedicts(a, b):
    for key in b:
        if isinstance(a.get(key), dict) or isinstance(b.get(key), dict):
            mergedicts(a[key], b[key])
        else:
            a[key] = b[key]
    return a

嘿，我也有同样的问题，但我想出了一个解决方案，我会把它贴在这里，以防它对其他人也有用，基本上合并嵌套字典和添加值，对我来说，我需要计算一些概率，所以这一个工作得很好:

#used to copy a nested dict to a nested dict
def deepupdate(target, src):
    for k, v in src.items():
        if k in target:
            for k2, v2 in src[k].items():
                if k2 in target[k]:
                    target[k][k2]+=v2
                else:
                    target[k][k2] = v2
        else:
            target[k] = copy.deepcopy(v)

通过使用上述方法，我们可以合并:

目标={6 6:{“63”:1},“63,4:{4 4:1},4,4:{“4 3”:1},“63”:{63,4:1}}

src ={5 4:{4 4: 1}, 5、5:{“5、4”:1},4,4:{“4 3”:1}}

这将变成: {', 5 ':{“5、4”:1},“5、4”:{4 4:1},“6 6”:{“63”:1},“63,4:{4 4:1},4,4:{“4 3”:2},“63”:{63,4:1}}

还要注意这里的变化:

目标={6 6:{“63”:1},“63”:{63,4:1},4,4:{“4 3”:1},“63,4:{4 4:1}}

src ={5 4:{4 4: 1},“4 3”:{“3、4”:1},4,4:{“4、9”:1},3、4:{4 4:1},5、5:{“5、4”:1}}

merge =可不,‘五,四’:可不,‘4、4’:一个出于美观,‘4、三’:可不,‘3、4”:一个有关联,“6、63”:可不,‘63倍或四’:一个出于美观,‘5、5:可不,' 5、4”:一个有关联,“6、6”:可不,‘6、63’:一个出于美观,‘3,4‘:可不,‘四,四’:一个出于美观,‘63倍或四’一‘::可不,‘四,四出于美观,‘4,4:可不,’‘四,三’:一,‘4 9,‘:一个出于美观出于美观。

别忘了还添加导入copy:

import copy

由于dictviews支持集合操作，我能够极大地简化jterrace的答案。

def merge(dict1, dict2):
    for k in dict1.keys() - dict2.keys():
        yield (k, dict1[k])

    for k in dict2.keys() - dict1.keys():
        yield (k, dict2[k])

    for k in dict1.keys() & dict2.keys():
        yield (k, dict(merge(dict1[k], dict2[k])))

任何将dict与非dict(技术上讲，一个带有'keys'方法的对象和一个没有'keys'方法的对象)组合的尝试都会引发AttributeError。这包括对函数的初始调用和递归调用。这正是我想要的，所以我离开了。您可以很容易地捕获递归调用抛出的AttributeErrors，然后生成您想要的任何值。

我有一个迭代的解决方案-工作得更好的大字典&很多(例如jsons等):

import collections


def merge_dict_with_subdicts(dict1: dict, dict2: dict) -> dict:
    """
    similar behaviour to builtin dict.update - but knows how to handle nested dicts
    """
    q = collections.deque([(dict1, dict2)])
    while len(q) > 0:
        d1, d2 = q.pop()
        for k, v in d2.items():
            if k in d1 and isinstance(d1[k], dict) and isinstance(v, dict):
                q.append((d1[k], v))
            else:
                d1[k] = v

    return dict1

注意，这将使用d2中的值来覆盖d1，以防它们都不是字典。(与python的dict.update()相同)

一些测试:

def test_deep_update():
    d = dict()
    merge_dict_with_subdicts(d, {"a": 4})
    assert d == {"a": 4}

    new_dict = {
        "b": {
            "c": {
                "d": 6
            }
        }
    }
    merge_dict_with_subdicts(d, new_dict)
    assert d == {
        "a": 4,
        "b": {
            "c": {
                "d": 6
            }
        }
    }

    new_dict = {
        "a": 3,
        "b": {
            "f": 7
        }
    }
    merge_dict_with_subdicts(d, new_dict)
    assert d == {
        "a": 3,
        "b": {
            "c": {
                "d": 6
            },
            "f": 7
        }
    }

    # test a case where one of the dicts has dict as value and the other has something else
    new_dict = {
        'a': {
            'b': 4
        }
    }
    merge_dict_with_subdicts(d, new_dict)
    assert d['a']['b'] == 4

我已经测试了大约1200个字典——这种方法花了0.4秒，而递归的解决方案花了2.5秒。

在不影响输入字典的情况下返回一个合并。

def _merge_dicts(dictA: Dict = {}, dictB: Dict = {}) -> Dict:
    # it suffices to pass as an argument a clone of `dictA`
    return _merge_dicts_aux(dictA, dictB, copy(dictA))


def _merge_dicts_aux(dictA: Dict = {}, dictB: Dict = {}, result: Dict = {}, path: List[str] = None) -> Dict:

    # conflict path, None if none
    if path is None:
        path = []

    for key in dictB:

        # if the key doesn't exist in A, add the B element to A
        if key not in dictA:
            result[key] = dictB[key]

        else:
            # if the key value is a dict, both in A and in B, merge the dicts
            if isinstance(dictA[key], dict) and isinstance(dictB[key], dict):
                _merge_dicts_aux(dictA[key], dictB[key], result[key], path + [str(key)])

            # if the key value is the same in A and in B, ignore
            elif dictA[key] == dictB[key]:
                pass

            # if the key value differs in A and in B, raise error
            else:
                err: str = f"Conflict at {'.'.join(path + [str(key)])}"
                raise Exception(err)

    return result

灵感来自@andrew cooke的解决方案

def m(a,b):
    aa = {
        k : dict(a.get(k,{}), **v) for k,v in b.items()
        }
    aap = print(aa)
    return aap

d1 = {1:{"a":"A"}, 2:{"b":"B"}}

d2 = {2:{"c":"C"}, 3:{"d":"D"}}

dict1 = {1:{"a":{1}}, 2:{"b":{2}}}

dict2 = {2:{"c":{222}}, 3:{"d":{3}}}

m(d1,d2)

m(dict1,dict2)

"""
Output :

{2: {'b': 'B', 'c': 'C'}, 3: {'d': 'D'}}


{2: {'b': {2}, 'c': {222}}, 3: {'d': {3}}}

"""